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Essay on energy consumption
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The economics of industrial production, limitation of global energy supply, and the realities of environmental conservation are an enduring concern for all industries. Wherever you turn, there’s another entreaty to save energy, reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment for posterity. Pinch analysis is a tools used to design a heat exchanger networks (HEN) that reduce the energy usage. This paper will be about brief introduction for the pinch analysis, application of the second law of thermodynamics in design heat exchanger network
Pinch Analysis:
Pinch technology is the technology that provides a systematic methodology for energy saving in processes and total sites. The methodology is based upon first low and second low of thermodynamic. Applying Pinch technology to heat exchanger network HEN synthesis.
The pinch analysis uses Temperature-Enthalpy (T-H) diagram, the composite curves. the temperature axis represents the available driving forces for heat transfer, while the enthalpy axis shows the supply and demand of heat. For processes with multiple cold streams, the individual process thermal duties can be combined into a single “cold composite curve” drawn on a Temperature-Enthalpy T-H diagram, which represents the enthalpy demand profile of the process. Similarly, all the thermal duties for hot streams can be combined into a single “hot composite curve”, which represents the enthalpy availability profile of the process.
Next step is recovering some heat from the hot streams to the cold streams. The optimum value of the Minimum Approach Temperature (∆Tmin) is first determined based on the economic tradeoff between cost savings from heat recovery and capital cost of the heat exchangers. The T-H curves are then ...
... middle of paper ...
...ollowing:
Hos stream Cols stream
Stream Tin(K) Tout (K) Cp (MW/KG) Stream Tin(K) Tout (K) Cp (MW/KG)
H1 204.4 65.6 1.3 C1 65.6 182 1.29
H2 248.9 158.6 1.66 C2 37.8 204 1.1
H3 158.6 121.1 1.66 C3 93.3 204 1.3
Result:
Utility used Total entropy
(MW/K) Average Area
m2
HP steam 0.846 3.36E+05
MP steam 1.049 1.92E+05
LP steam 1.201 1.63E+05
The result show the maximum total entropy is for networks used HP steam with less surface area needed and the minimum total entropy is for one use LP steam
Conclusion:
The second low of thermodynamic can be used as tool to minimize the cost of utility in a heat exchanger network problem. Total low productions of entropy show a better utilization of the energy quality but with a high area cost. This can help Mathematical Programming Mode to control the entropy of the system rather than cost of the utility.
Using Equation 4, it can be inferred that the initial temperature of the hot water minus the change in temperature of the mixture equals the temperature of the cold water plus the change in temperature of the mixture (Equation 5). This is then rearranged to indicate that the initial temperature of the hot water is two times the change in temperature plus the initial temperature of the regular water. This is shown in Equation 6.
The simplified schematic diagram of the engine representing the heat exchanger and the pistons configuration of the system is as shown in figure 1 (Minassians & Sanders 2011). The gas circuit of the displacer subsystem is closed by means of tubing in order to provide a closed engine chamber. Both the displacer and the power piston have equal dimensions. In single-phase operation, the power piston interacts
As a result of the design parameters from the experimental column, the following design is proposed: the column will run at a vapor velocity of 4.85 ft/hr and will have a HETP of 4.30 inches. This will result in a packing height of 38.7 feet. The reboiler will have an area of 113.52 ft2 and the area of the condenser will have a value of 45.54 ft2 in which heat exchange will take place.
Ya, Wen. "Strategies/Concurrent Engineering." Berkeley Energy and Sustainable Technologies Laboratory | Berkeley Expert Systems Technology Laboratory |. 16 Mar. 1998. Web. .
Our task was to investigate what the optimum ratio of solute to solvent that will produce the maximum cooling/heating effect?
In thermodynamics Refrigeration is the major application area, in which the heat is transferred from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region. The devices which produce refrigeration are known as Refrigerators and the cycle on which it operates are called refrigeration cycles. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is the most regularly used refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is alternately vaporized and condensed and in the vapor phase it is compressed. Gas refrigeration cycle is the well-known refrigeration cycle in which cycle refrigerant remains in the gaseous phase throughout the cycle. Cascade refrigeration are the other refrigeration cycles discussed in this chapter; absorption refrigeration is the one more refrigeration cycle which is used where the refrigerant is dissolved in liquid before it is compressed. One more refrigeration in which refrigeration is produced by passing the electric current through two dissimilar materials is called as the thermoelectric refrigeration.
Numerical investigation has been carried out to study about the temperature distribution of the reactor channel under LOCA with fuel rods deformed and undeformed under high temperature heat transfer. The numerical work of simulation would be done in commercial CFD software ANSYS 14.0.
Since the invention of jet engines, there has always been a steady increase in their power and efficiency. As a comparison, the air temperature inside the turbine has risen from about 600 degrees Celsius to over 1500 degrees Celsius. This change has caused a 60% increase in power and a 20% decrease in fuel usage. These drastic changes have also caused a change in the materia...
An optimal design of a heat exchanger is triangular baffle having triple pass tube arrangement with rectangular channel largely depends on the operating conditions of the heat exchanger and can be accomplished by appropriate design of tube layout, baffle overlapping and helix angle. The baffle angle is 5º-10º.
This chart shows the relationship between the fanning friction factor and the Reynolds number over a wide range of flow rates, from which the roughness parameter (e/D) for the piping system can be estimated.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.
turbine via interceptor valves and control valves and after expanding enters the L.P. turbine stage via 2 numbers of cross over pipes. In the L.P. stage the steam expands in axially opposite direction to counteract the trust and enters the condenser placed directly below the L.P. turbine. The cooling water flowing throughout the condenser tubes condenses the steam and the condensate collected in the hot well of the condenser. The condensate collected is pumped by means of 3*50% duty condensate pumps through L.P. heaters to deaerator from where the boiler feed pump delivers the water to boiler through H.P. heaters thus forming a closed
The first law of thermodynamics is that heat is work and work is heat. Energy can’t be created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another form. First law of thermodynamics would be eating food. Humans turn food into chemical energy and humans need that energy to keep functioning. The second law of thermodynamics is heat can only transfer to colder objects not hotter objects. An example would be ice melting in a cooler. The coldness from the ice doesn’t leave the cooler, instead the heat transfers into the cooler to melt the ice. The third law is that the work or energy put in is equal to the work out plus heat. Some heat energy will always be wasted, such as a computer giving off heat. Using the first law, when the energy is transferred from one form to another, there will always be wasted heat because of the second law. This is because the energy is converted from a useful form to a less useful form. The less useful form is heat.
A heat engine is a method that executes the transformation of thermal energy or the heat to mechanical energy. That mechanical energy can be used as a mechanical work. This work can be manifest by bringing a working material from a high heat condition to a lower heat condition, by that the heat engine will produce calorific power that creates higher temperature conditions of the working substance. After generating a higher temperature state to the working substance a work will be p...
Life changed immensely in the 20th century as air conditioning and refrigeration systems became more efficient and controllable. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration play important roles in providing human comfort, food processing, storage, and many other industrial processes. We chose this topic because our life would be difficult without AC and Refrigeration. This paper will talk about the history of air conditioning and refrigeration, the role of engineers in designing and building it, people’s life before and after air conditioning and refrigeration, and finally Applications in the area of achievements and future developments.