3.4 Density Bottle Test: Specific Gravity Of Solids

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3.4 Density Bottle Test
Specific gravity of solids can be defined as the ratio for weight in air of a given volume of soil particles to the weight in air of an equal volume of pure water at a standard temperature. It is often used in relating a weight of soil to its volume. The specific gravity of soil is determined in the laboratory by the density bottle test. The test is of moderate difficulty with the major source of error due to the presence of entrapped air in the soil sample (Bowles, 1997). The density bottle is weighed and filled with the soils whose specific gravity is to be found, and weighed again. The difference in weights is divided by the weight of an equal volume of water to give the specific gravity of the soils. The specific …show more content…

Theory
A soil consists of an accumulation of particles which may be of a single mineral type, such as clean quartz sand, or more usually a mixture of a number of mineral types, each with a different particle density. The particle density of the solids comprising a mass of the soil is that of the mineral itself for a single mineral type. However, a soil consisting of a variety of minerals is mainly concerned with the mean particle density of the mass as whole, and this is the sense in which the specific gravity is used here. The concept of density is defined to mass per unit volume. The term "particle density" has replaced "specific gravity" as a measure of the average density of the solid particles which make up a soil mass. Specific gravity can be defined as ratio of the mass of dry particles to the mass of water they displace. The average mass per unit volume of the solid particles in a sample of soil, where the volume includes any sealed voids contained within solid particles. The void spaces between solid particles of soil may contain air or water, or both. The amount of void space within a soil is an important factor that can effect on its characteristics. Based on the equation 3.3, it shows that the determinate equation for specific

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