If you were to mention the word or phrase “Kwashiorkor” most everyone in this world would respond by giving you a puzzled look on their face, a muffled response and have no clue as to what you were referring to. In the Ga language it is literally known as “one who is physically displaced.” When you think of Santa Claus or old Saint Nick what images come to your mind? For most it is a jolly old man with a big, dominant, and a distended, round pot belly. Now with that image in your imagination put that same physical characteristic (round pot belly) on a small, young child, this is known as a disease called Kwashiorkor Disease. Though rare in the United States, it is very prominent in poor countries where there is extreme famine, low levels of education, and limited food supply ("Human nutrition in the developing world", n.d.). Presented before you will include the epidemiology, the disease process, and the treatment of this fascinating disease.
Epidemiology
Known as the most widespread and most common nutritional disease in major developing countries Kwashiorkor is a very serious condition. The condition of Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition where a young child is not getting the protein they need in their diet, yet at the same time they are getting enough calories. It usually affects children between the ages of one to three, but studies show it can develop at any age ("Human nutrition in the developing world", n.d.). While the disease is rarely seen here in the United States and developing countries, it is a very dominant disease and very wide spread in sub-suburban Africa, Southeast Asia and Central America ("Human nutrition in the developing world", n.d.). When this disease does present itself in the United Stat...
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... FRCPCH, J. E. (2013, May 9). Kwashiorkor.
Retrieved November 11, 2013, from https://online.epocrates.com/noFrame/showPage.do?method=diseases&MonographId=1022&ActiveSectionId=21
National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Nutrition for Everyone: Basics: Protein | DNPAO | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html Trehan, I., Goldbach, H. S., & LaGrone, L. N. (2013). Antibiotics cut death rates in children with malnutrition. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management, 20(7), 299. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.cpcc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1426367777?accountid=10008
Williams, C. D., & Lond, H. (1935). The Lancet. Kwashiorkor, 226(5855), 1151-1152. Retrieved from http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(00)94666-X/fulltext
"Hunger and Malnutrition." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Mary L. Gavin. The Nemours Foundation, 01 May 2012. Web. 12 May 2014.
World hunger is a very important epidemic because of the risks or implications it imposes on the rest of the world. Juveniles are the utmost apparent victims of under-nutrition. 2.6 million children die as a result of hunger-related causes each year. 66 million school-aged children go to classes hungry across the developing world, with 23 million in Africa alone. One in four of the world's youth are kept from growing due to malnutrition. In developing countries the proportion can rise to one in three. A strong maternal-infant bond provided through psychosocial stimulation is essential for positive child development. The formation of this bond at the beginning of life is an essential step that sets the stage for cognitive,emotional, and social development later in life. Feeding and other care practices provide opportunities for psychosocial stimulation and help to establish a positive attachment between caregiver and child.(WHO) Under-nutrition magnifies the effect of every disease, such as measles,diarrhea and malaria. Asia has the largest number of hungry people (over 500 million) however S...
- Over 90% of rural peoples in Central Africa eat less than half of the recommended protein intake
The cause of most under nourished children in third world countries is poverty. Families in third world countries cannot afford food or their country does not have those resources. Villages in Africa often do not have the proper resources for safe food and water, which can cause children to get certain bacteria’s which will lead to under nutrition. (WHO, 2012)
The most unprotected aim for hunger is kid that is why malnutrition impacts dramatically on children. Child, who are young and need a lot of vitamins and nutrition to grow up have to keep healthy and full of beneficial components diet (Gabriela Mistral 1948) . But for children who were born in country with high percentage of poverty, there are no choice in what to eat and not. Nutrition plays a big role in life of child an malnutrition may be the reason of diseases and can make a child be stunted. Children cannot move properly because of this they cannot find food for themselves. Lancet (2013) confirms that hunger causes 45% of deaths of children not older than 5 and 3 million of kids worldwide die for the reason of famine.
According to the surveys carried out by many organizations, the maternal malnutrition predominate this low birt...
As I look to graduate, I become increasingly aware that I have my entire life to look forward to. Even though I will have struggles throughout my life, I still have my well being to fall back on. When all else fails, I am and hopefully always will be self-assured that I am here, healthy and able to bring myself through the worst of circumstances.
An analysis of iprofile indicates that total fat intake is 28%, which is within the recommended range of 20 to 35% of calories. This recommended range is essential to ensuring that the basic nutrition requirement for the body is met. Monitoring the recommended range of food intake not only guides maintain basic nutrition but also helps avoid protein deficiency known as Kwashiorkor. This term originates from Ghana, in reference to a lack of family planning due to the harsh economic condition under which parents manage to raise their children. This type of disease is prevalent not only in Ghana, but it is rampant in all developing countries across the globe. Fortunately, my iprofile indicates that the fiber content in my diet is appropriates and within the recommended range. Fiber comes from plant foods like salad, apple and banana and grain fiber and is thought to plays a critical role in digestion and helps prevent
Malnutrition: Sub-Saharan Africa attempts at a comparative analysis of the dynamics and structure of malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa in concentration: Somalia and Ethiopia. The analysis of this paper can be viewed as an on-going discussion and investigation about the food hunger crisis as a diverting factor in malnutrition within Sub-Saharan Africa. Within the last 10 years, the area of Sub-Saharan African has grown by five percent per year; nonetheless, the Afrobarometer surveyed that thirty-four African countries (including Somalia and Ethiopia) has experience little change in poverty or food crisis among its population (Sy, “Jobless Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa”). According, to the International Labor Office (ILO) the data in 2013 it
In conclusion, hunger is a constant, chronic pain distressing many children. Famished children should have become a thing of the past a long time ago. The thought may seem impossible, but the world produces enough food to feed everyone. In the world as a whole, per capita food availability has risen from about 2220 kcal/person/day in the early 1960s to 2790 kcal/person/day in 2006-08, while developing countries also recorded a leap (2015 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and
Nutritional anthropology applies the anthropological approach to nutritional disciplines by studying and understanding how the interactions of social and biological factors affect the nutritional status of individuals and populations. Dettwlyer conducted a medical anthropological research assessing the nutritional status of individuals living in a population in Mali, Africa. She defined it as to be a biocultural approach because the research did not only pertain to the biological system of the people but cultural dogmas, infant feeding practices, socio-economic status, political-ecological factors also contributed as much. Death rates and child malnutrition rates are very high in Mali, it being one of the poorest countries of the world. Therefore, Dettwlyer being a nutritional anthropologist extends her study to the children of Mali who are malnutritioned as a result of their birth in poor families; because their mothers have a low status in their prosperous extended family households; ethno-cultural tenets, etc.
In order to prevent kwashiorkor from ever developing, it is important to make sure to follow the nutritional guidelines and have a balanced diet of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Kwashiorkor can most simply be prevented by making sure that a child eats enough protein after they are weaned off of their mother’s milk (Rossouw 1989). Often times, in third world countries the children are weaned off their mother’s milk and then put onto a maize diet that does not offer adequate amounts of protein rich food. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) “for protein is 0.66 grams of protein/kg of body weight. The EAR for protein increases during pregnancy, breastfeeding, period of rapid growth, or recovery from serious illnesses, blood losses, and burns” (Schiff 2013). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that 10 to 35 percent of a person’s daily caloric intake come from protein. Furthermore, in order to prevent kwashiorkor from developing, children ages 1-3 years need to have 5-20 percent of their energy from protein, children ages 4-18 years need 10-30 percent from protein, and adults need 10-35 percent protein. In other words, kwashiorkor is an avertible disease that can be prevented if infants and children are consuming at
In our study mean age malnutrition group was 22 months with standard deviation ±1.27 and in nutrition group mean age was 20 months with standard deviation ±1.13. More over in malnutrition group 58% children were male and 42% children were female. Whereas in nutrition group 60% children were male and 40% children were female.
“Malnourished children are 20% less literate than those with a healthier diet, says UK charity Save the Children” (The Information Daily). When parents become victims of poverty it can have some very unpleasing long and short term effects to their children. Parents in poverty have a lot on their plate and buying the best quality food or affording enough food can be a tumultuous task. Quality nutrition is essential for the development of the brain. At a young age, poor nutrition or not enough nutrition can seriously hinder “the brain 's development, a child’s ability to learn and has a devastating impact on a child’s future”(The Information Daily). “Malnutrition in the early developmental stages of the brain, by restricting the children’s cognitive growth, can lower a child 's IQ has much has 20 points”(The Information Daily). Long term effects of malnutrition leave permanent damage to the brain, however, malnutrition has short term effects as well. Malnourishment can greatly compromise a child’s immune system, making them more susceptible to infectious diseases. “Low counts of zinc, iron and vitamin A are commonly associated with weakened immune function” (Orphan Nutrition). A deadly infection can have a huge impact on a poverty stricken family leading to less affordability. Malnutrition negatively affects a student throughout their educational
The second type of hunger is considered to be named as chronic or endemic hunger, because it is not felt by the majority of people. However, it can hold some subtle but significant changes in human body developing. For example, children may be underweight on the background of their coevals. The lack of the daily consumption of the vitamin A may cause problems with visio...