Assessment: Student Prompts/Teacher Directions
English language learners (ELL) preschool students and regular English speaking students fit into Krashen theory of second language acquisition in several ways. First it focuses on essential interaction rather than being educated through rules and error revision to inherited language. Second, the teacher must establish information that is understandable to preschool ELL students using effective strategies and methods. Third, ELL preschool students must be comfortable and motivated for language acquisition to occur. This is when ELL preschool students’ are aware of the efforts that are ordinarily on the subject material of what is being discussed and the medium (“Why Learn a Second Language,” n.d.). Interactionist theory in second language acquisition supports preschool ELL students to assimilate the grammar of a second language as it relates and implies while focusing on what is meant and communication in personal interactions. Therefore, this theory associates the interaction of the ELL students’ mental knowledge and verbal setting (Beller, 2008). This essay is based on a 4 and 5 year old preschool ELL students. The 4 year old is male Bosnian ethnicity and the 5 year old is male Latino ethnicity. However, the learning center is based on a child-centered approach with the teacher occasionally working with a small group of ELL preschool students and regular English speaking preschool students. Also this essay will compare and contrast the major language acquisition theories which are Krashen’s second language acquisition theory, and the interactionist theory. Therefore, both theories will focus on the Montessori approach in which the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protoc...
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...tudents when they did not identify the alphabet letter she pointed to right instead if preschooler were unable to identify an alphabet letter he or she was unable to move forward to the play area to join the other students. However, in contrasting the interactionist theory with the lessons observed is that in the 4 year old Bosnian male preschool student circumstance there is no native speaker in his native language that can communicate to him in the classroom environment. He however is able to emphasize what he needs to communicate even if speaking in English is confusing. Another way that interactionist theory contrast from the lessons observed is that the mentor teacher does pressure the ELL preschool students and regular English speaking preschool students in rehearsing the days of the week and in examining preschoolers to identify the alphabet letters.
Teaching theories are as much part of the classroom as the student and the teacher. The effect individual theories have on an environment depends how they are incorporated within the classroom in addition to the influence they have had on the curriculum construction. This essay will briefly look at how motivation theory, cognitive and social cognitive theory along with constructivism have impacted on education and the classroom.
Teachers have a diverse group of learners in a classroom. English Language Learners represent a rapidly growing number in preschool age children. The preschool teacher needs to nurture and provide culturally and linguistically support for them to succeed in literacy and language. It has been proven educators support English Language Learners to gain literacy and language knowledge by encouraging children’s home language, social interaction, guided dialogue, and direct instruction. These foundations and resources serve for making the connection with English literacy text, language, and develop academic strengths. Teachers implement literacy and language interactions in the classroom by observing, planning intentionally goal settings, and developing literacy and language strategic instructional curriculum for English Language Learners.
There are aspects which play a crucial role in developing and understanding a child’s language skills. During early childhood Receptive Language (the child understands the spoken or written words) as well as Productive Language (this indicates what the child says or what she later writes)
The four key interaction patterns that can be used by kindergarten teachers are linguistic scaffolding, questioning, verbal mapping, and mediation. Through the teacher’s use of linguistic scaffolding in an activity such as show and tell, they may support and expand a child’s participation in personal conversations and in their classroom discussions. Questioning strategies are another key interaction and can be applied in the classroom by asking your students questions that incorporate literal and inferential questions, which can provide them the knowledge of questioning that is asked for information, recitation, or for clarification purposes. Verbal mapping is another key interaction pattern and may be applied through the teacher’s use
The development of language acquisition in children begins in their first few years of life. “Human beings are born to speak (Genishi, 1998), with babies, children and even adults, frequently imitating, observing and listening to the various dialects that they are exposed too. The interaction and communication within the environment also plays an essential role in the development of language acquisition. The repetitive use of stories, books and the continual guidance of the adults in their lives heightens children’s literacy and language development, which inevitable helps them succeed during their schools lives and beyond (Zero to Three, 2003). This essay will describe and explore the development of language acquisition; it will compare and contrast the theories of language, and it will discuss implications of the differing theoretical perspectives upon educators.
This essay is about a child’s development and learning, focusing primarily on language development. It will describe the main stages of developmental "milestones" and the key concepts involved for children to develop their language skills, discussing language acquisition and social learning theory. The essay will also look into the key theorists involved in language development, primarily Vygotsky and Chomsky, and how these theories have had an impact on the way society views language and their implementation within schools. The essay will describe the factors affecting language development, both biological and environmental. While also discussing key arguments among theorists, one being the nature vs nurture debate, and how these play a part in the teaching in schools.
In order for a toddler to learn good language techniques they must be nurtured in positive environment like Preschool. When a child is between the age of three and five, their vocabulary grows tremendously. They also start to make their sentences longer and more compound. The preschool teacher plays a big role in a child language and cogitative skills by asking open-minded questions and announcing new terminology during lessons and activities. Preschool helps develop a child’s cognitive skills by engaging in hands-on activities. The hands-on activities challenge a child to ask questions and solve
Robin S. Chapman (200). Children's Language Learning: An Interactionist Perspective, Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 41(1), 33-54.
For decades, foreign language teachers wandered in a scientific abyss. Until 1983, there had been little real research dealing with the ways in which someone acquires a second language. Teachers mostly used the audiolingual classroom model that had been in place for the past twenty years (or, even worse, the literally ancient grammatical translation model that had been used by civilizations millennia old). Clearly, language teaching methodology was in a poor situation. In 1983, however, Krashen published the results of an unprecedented body of research and paved the way for a revolution in our field. His five-point hypothesis focused on the difference between the acquisition of and the learning of a second language. Krashen has his detractors, of course, not the least of whom are American school districts, which have been reluctant to implement his teachings. Most experts agree, however, that his ideas are the most meritorious of the theories in circulation now, and schools that refuse to incorporate them are doing their students a disservice.
The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis- Krashen believed that learning and acquiring a second language are two different processes. The theory suggests that new linguistic information is obtained by the learner subconsciously (Macaro, 2010), much like the acquisition of the native language, whereas learning language is more of a conscious understanding of the language. Krashen advocated that language is more readily acquired when it is used to transmit messages in natural form of communication rather than when it is explicitly (Crochunis, Erdey, & Swedlow, 2002). We conclude that if second language learners are provided opportunities to produce the targeted language in authentic interactions with peers and teachers, this would positively influence the acquisition of the targeted language. Therefore, it could be said that language teachers should focus more attention on the meaning being communicated than on form, like obeying grammatical
This essay is going to illustrate the different stages in language acquisition that children pass through and elicit the theories in accordance.
Language is a multifaceted instrument used to communicate an unbelievable number of different things. Primary categories are information, direction, emotion, and ceremony. While information and direction define cognitive meaning, emotion language expresses emotional meaning. Ceremonial language is mostly engaged with emotions but at some level information and direction collection may be used to define a deeper meaning and purpose. There is perhaps nothing more amazing than the surfacing of language in children. Children go through a number of different stages as language develops. According to Craig and Dunn, (2010), “Even before birth, it appears that infants are prepared to respond to and learn language” (p. 112). Children develop these skills quickly with nature and nurture influences. Researchers have proposed several different theories to explain how and why language development occurs. This paper is an overview of the process of early childhood language development with research evidence supporting the information stated.
All methods in language teaching are a pre-designed set of description of how the teacher should teach the learner and how the learner should learn obtain from a specific theory of language and a theory of language learning. These theories are attain from the parts of linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics and are the origin of theory and applying in language teaching. Language teaching methods is divided into many methodologies. For example: The Direct Method, Grammar-Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Total Physical Response, Audio-Lingual Method, The structural Method etc. Each method has its own rules, history, and different from one another. For example: The direct method was the reply to the disapproving with the
In most institutions of learning today, the classes are made up of students from different ethnic backgrounds. These have different traditions and also speak different languages. In a typical classroom, the majority of the students will speak the same language. The teacher must then employ strategies which will accommodate all the students in the class. This will ensure that every learner gets the best quality of education. This will enable them to be better prepared for career and expressing themselves. In this paper, strategies to assist learners of the English language in their literal development for third grade learners. In the paper, three strategies that can be used by the teacher will be discussed. New strategies and research that will help the English language learners to gain in depth mastery of the language will also be discussed. Due to the widespread learning of the English language in most schools, addressing issues of the language learners is of vital importance. Teachers should have the understanding that cultures are what give someone identity and therefore no student should leave their culture for another. Instead, there should be the blending of different cultures so that students can appreciate and learn from each other.
Further in this term-paper I am going to describe the stages in child language acquistion starting from the very birth of an infant till the onset of puberty.