Have you ever wondered what the difference is between s sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia? Each day, thousands of people wonder the same thing. Most people may think they are the same disorder, but in actuality it is not. When we are born we are given a hemoglobin A gene from both of our parents. Hemoglobin A is a normal protein found inside red blood cells. It gives blood its red color and carries oxygen to all parts of the body. A person who has sickle cell trait gets a gene for hemoglobin A from one parent and a gene for hemoglobin S from the other parent. Hemoglobin S is an abnormal hemoglobin protein that occurs in the red blood cells in sickle-cell anemia patient, however, if a person only has one gene of hemoglobin A and one gene of hemoglobin S, the hemoglobin A is enough for red blood cells to function normally (XXXX). This is not a disease, it will not change to the disease later, there is no medical treatment necessary, and the person will lead a normal life. Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person gets one gene for sickle (S) hemoglobin from one parent and a sickle (S) hemoglobin gene from the other parent. There is little or no hemoglobin A. When red blood cells carrying hemoglobin S release their oxygen to the tissue, they change from round to sickle shaped (XXXX). Hence the name sickle cell anemia.
Who is at risk for sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia is most common in people whose families come from Africa, South or Central America, Caribbean islands, and Mediterranean countries (such as Turkey, Greece, and Italy), India, and Saudi Arabia (XXXX). It seems to me that people with dark complexion or whose ancestors had a dark complexion are at risk for sickle cell anemia or sickle cell trait. It i...
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...tal hemoglobin helps prevent red blood cells from sickling and improves anemia (XXXXX). There is also new treatments called blood and marrow stem cell transplant. The stem cells used for a transplant must come from a closely matched donor. The transplant process is and can lead to serious side effects or even death. This treatment may even offer a cure for only a small number of people and the risk is far too great. Gene Therapy is another new treatment. Gene therapy is being studied as a possible treatment for sickle cell anemia. Researchers want to know whether a normal gene can be put into the bone marrow stem cells of a person who has sickle cell anemia. This would cause the body to make normal red blood cells. Researchers also are studying whether they can "turn off" the sickle hemoglobin gene or "turn on" a gene that makes red blood cells behave normally.
Under hypoxic conditions, the abnormal hemoglobin start to change shape. They become sickled, stiff, and have greater difficulty moving though the blood vessels. As a result they begin to stick together and eventually block the tissues from receiving nutrients and oxygen. This causes the tissue to become infarcted and leads to pain. In a hypoxic states the cells are forced to make energy also known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) without oxygen. This is called anaerobic glycolysis and results in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct (citation). The presence of lactic acid lowers the pH of the environment, the cells must recycle lactic acid back into the cells, and ATP production is significantly slowed. The cells
1. Sickle Cell Disease is life-threatening and has a risk of of causing depression. In this study I examine the experiences that Sickle Cell patients go through specifically at emergency healthcare facilities to find out if there are any negative stigmatizations surrounding this disease. There may be judgments that are made about these patients from healthcare professionals when they seek drugs for their pain relief that may cause the stigmatization to occur. I will also investigate why individuals that have Sickle Cell Disease experience longer waiting times at emergency healthcare facilities and the lack of control they may have over their care regime.
In the continent Africa, about 1 in 100 individuals develops this disease. We ask ourselves why is the frequency of a potentially fatal disease so much higher in Africa? The answer is related to another deadly disease, which is called malaria. Chills, fever, vomiting, and severe headaches characterize malaria (GENETICS Sickle Cell Case Study. (n.d.). 2000, October 19). Malaria is caused by a disgusting parasite called Plasmodium that is transmitted to humans by mosquitos. When the malaria parasites invade the bloodstream, the red blood cells that contain defective hemoglobin get sickle cell out and die (Facts About Sickle Cell Disease. 2014, January 16). This helps protect the individual with Sickle Cell Anemia from an infection of malaria. As you can see, this is why a variety of areas in the world has a high rate of malaria, such as
The name of this patient is Davon; he is a five-year-old African-American male whom just moved from Chicago. The patient was visiting his pediatrician for a physical to enter kindergarten. The patient mother gave her history about confirming that she has the sickle cell trait and would like to know if her son is also a carrier for sickle cell. ("Sickle Cell Disease", 2015) “Sickle cell trait inherited from both hemoglobin A and S, in the red blood cells”. Those with this disease are still capable of having a healthy life. For instance, if one parent has sickle cell trait, and the other parent does not will only lead to the child having sickle cell trait or nothing. If both parents have the trait, then the child will genetically develop sickle cell disease inside the mother’s womb. Sickle cell trait is a transmitted disease that travels through the red blood cells. The symptoms of sickle cell trait is that when the skin gets pale, always cold, or even tired then that is a sign of having this disease. The patient cannot prevent this disease, due to this is something that is passed on from the womb and birth. Daily doses of penicillin can control the infection; on the other hand, it is not preventable. The only way to make sure that it does not get worse is the person must eat foods with high iron and even
Having an inherited disease like sickle cell anemia takes a life-long of treatments and preventions of complications that comes with being diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Many people have lived a long time while dealing with the disease because of the on-going care being provided to keep patients as healthy as possible. Knowing that both male and female have the sickle cell trait can prevent having a child with the sickle cell disease. From the help of the parents, doctors and medicine, sickle cell patients don’t have to deal with the pressure of living with a life threatening disease.
If one had the ability to choose any trait in the world whether it was different colored eyes, darker hair, fuller lips etc what would one do to obtain them? Would one be willing to undergo plastic surgery? Sell One 's soul? Does it Yourself?(God forbid one would be that stupid to something by Oneself) What if one could design the perfect baby? A baby with a strong immune system, green eyes and strong? What would one do to obtain the traits one so desire with a full proof method? It most certainly will not be the cheapest but it will come with a price. one would have to be willing to take a gamble on the success rate plus the after effects. If one is willing to take a gamble then welcome onto the field of Eugenics.
During a short break of solitude from studying, I explored and came across that the environment in which most African Americans reside in has a high occurrence of malaria virus. The malaria virus disease is contagious and when it contaminates someone with sickle cell traits, it cannot survive on the external part of the human body so therefore the individual doesn’t develop the deadly malaria virus. While looking further into our class textbook on Human Genetics 11th Edition by Ricki Lewis, and this issue of sickle-cell among the African Americans, I
Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder that makes your body produce red blood cells that are abnormal in shape. This disease is also widely known as hemoglobin SS disease. Unlike normal red blood cells, sickle cells are rigid and tenacious. Due to their shape and rigidness, they can block blood flow. In turn, this could cause organ damage to the body. Sickle cells are also fragile and die very easily due to the fact sickle cells have a lifespan of twenty days instead of the normal one hundred and twenty days for normal red blood cells.This causes the body to have a lower blood cell count, hence the name anemia in sickle cell anemia.
Scientists are also studying gene therapy as a good treatment for sickle cell anemia. One day, doctors may be able to stop the disease by changing or replacing the abnormal gene that causes sickle cell anemia.
The first funding for sickle cell disease began thirty years ago the federal legislation dealing with sickle cell was accepted. This legislation present notab...
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease of red blood cells. Normally red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin A, which carries oxygen to all the organs in the body. With sickle cell anemia, however, the body makes a different kind of protein, called hemoglobin S.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder. For a person to have sickle cell anemia they must have received two copies of the gene, one from each parent. A person with the sickle cell trait only received one sickle cell gene and a normal hemoglobin gene. People who have the sickle cell trait do not develop sickle cell anemia however they can pass the deformed gene on to their children. People with just the trait do not face the complications caused by the disorder.
Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited blood disorder that is extremely challenging to live with. Its symptoms are many, with the most prominent being severe pain that can become unbearable to the point where hospitalization is required. Because sickle cell is a genetic disorder, a person is born with it and it is usually permanent. Unfortunately, there are risks and complications associated with this disease. However there are various treatment options for a patient with sickle cell and also support to help people understand and cope with this challenging disease.
Sickle cell disease can be very discomforting and painful for those who suffer with the symptoms that it brings interrupting the lives of patients. Even though sickle cell disease has no cure it can still be managed to where the patient can live a comfortable life.
In this paper I will make an argument between genetic therapy and genetic enhancement. My argument for genetic therapy will state that it should be used, as for genetic enhancement it should be used but to an extent. However, when making the argument as to why genetic enhancement should not be fully used, I will come across to stating some accepted enhancements.