Using nonverbal communication during deception can be seen through body language like hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact. Research remains inconclusive as to whether or not one can restrain facial expressions to deceive. "The results derived from micro momentary coding revealed that facial actions can be reduced, but not eliminated, and that instructions to suppress on element of the expression resulted in reduction in all facial movement, regardless of veracity." (Hurley, Frank, 2011, p. 1).
Detecting Deception In Nonverbal Communication Through The Observation of Hand Gestures, Facial Expressions, and Eye Contact
Nonverbal communication is a constantly used form of communication for all. Most people are aware that we use nonverbal communication every day during our communication. "It is not an artificial technique to be acquired, to be used only by flowery orators" (Makodia 2009, p. 32). What people probably think of first when one says nonverbal communication, is sign language. However, this paper will cover the specific topic of detecting deceptive behaviors through monitoring body language such as facial expressions, hand gestures, and eye contact.
No one wants to be fooled, but research shows that some cultures peoples may be more susceptible to deceit than others. According to Maurice E. Schweitzer, there are three reasons why lies so often succeed. He says the first is that we are too trusting. "North Americans are very trusting. We believe much of what we're told, and we typically enter relationships with strangers with an inclination to believe them until we have reason to distrust them (Schweitzer, 2007 p. 1). He says that the second reason is that we're overconfide...
... middle of paper ...
...19. doi:10.1007/s10919-005-0001-z
DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H.
(2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 74–118. Hurley, C. M., & Frank, M. G. (2011). Executing Facial Control During Deception Situations. Journal Of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(2), 119-131. doi:10.1007/s10919-010- 0102-1
Levine, T. R., Asada, K. K., & Park, H. (2006). The Lying Chicken and the Gaze Avoidant Egg: Eye Contact, Deception, and Causal Order. Southern Communication Journal, 71(4), 401-411. doi:10.1080/10417940601000576
Makodia, V. (2009). Role of body language in communication. Jaipur, IND: Global Media.
Schweitzer, M., & Maurice, E. (2007).Call their bluff! detecting deception in negotiation. Negotiation. pp. 7-9
Wegner, D. M. (1994). Ironic process of mental control. Psychological Review, 53, 5-13.
Wells, D. L. & Hepper, P. G. (1998). A note on the influence of visual conspecific
The presence of nonverbal messages in our communication is very important. Following the text, researchers have estimated it is up to “65 percent of social meaning we convey in face-to-face interactions is a result of nonverbal behavior” (131). The movie “Mrs. Doubtfire” is a typical example about the interactions among characters, also with audience. Several scenes in this movie show us the effects of nonverbal messages in communication, especially through the character Daniel, who disguises himself as a middle-aged British nanny in order to be near his children.
Vrij, Aldert, Lucy Akehurst, Stavroula Soukara, and Ray Bull. “Detecting Deceit Via Analyses of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in Children and Adults.” January 2004. Ohiolink. 7 April, 2004. <http://journals.ohiolink.edu/local-cgi/send-pdf/040314132256522215.pdf>
Your tone of voice can tell someone if you are happy, sad, angry and even nervous. Think on a time when you were a child and you knew by the tone of your mother’s voice when she called you if you were in trouble or if your secret was kept a day longer. Facial expressions can be a tell sign on if you are listening, or angry, happy, irritated and it can tell if there is something you are confused about or if you are comprehending what you are reading or hearing. Body language can tell if you are comfortable, scared, tired, excited, intimidated or defensive to name a few. Some people even say that your body language can give away if you are lying or not.
Have you ever looked and someone and you thought to yourself, “That person must be having a bad day.” or “Hey, you look really happy!” This happens on an everyday basis. So, what caused you to think this way? What is happening is you are reading their facial expression. These facial expressions are the muscles in our faces that are working together. Human faces are a main component to conveying a person’s emotional state. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless cues between people. There are always key points of the facial expression that would give away which emotion the human is feeling. For example, if someone is caught off guard, they may scream and their eyes may ...
In every society nonverbal communication is one of the most powerful tools that a person can use to interpret the message that is being delivered. Even though verbal communication is fairly straightforward, nonverbal communication allows others to sense the true emotions of the person that is expressing them. For example even though a person may say that they are not irritated, their usage of voice may display otherwise. Nonverbal communication not only reveals hidden messages, but it also complements, substitutes, and exaggerates verbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is rich in meaning. Everyone communicates through nonverbal gestures and motions. I realized that you can decipher a lot from an individual or individuals by just paying close attention to what they do, and that words are not really necessary. Watching two people interacting, I figured that they are really close by their space communication, eye language, and body movements.
In the discussion of emotional leakage and deception detection it is pertinent to look at what Ekman (1992; 2006) termed “micro-expressions.” A micro-expression is defined as a brief flash of emotion that is outside volitional control occurring through either the lower or up...
Hickson, M. I. and Stacks, D. W. (1989). Nonverbal Communication: Studies and Applications. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown, 1989.
Empirical research on deception has shown that people can compellingly fake feelings, personalities, and attitudes (DePaulo, 1992) but perceivers typically are not capable of recognizing the deception (Barrick and Mount, 1996; McFarland and Ryan, 2000; Furnahm, 1986; Sackett and Wanek, 1996; Torisand DePaulo, 1984). In fact it is well documented through years of deception detection experiments, that people are barely better than chance at identifying truth from lies. One meta-analysis (Bond and DePaulo, 2006) found that average accuracy in deception detection experiments was only 4% better than
Nonverbal communication can be shown by many different gestures, body movements, and understood by all the different channels. For example, when Dory believes that Marlin has entered her personal space by following her too closely she reacts by using proxemics to intimidate Marlin. Dory purposely enters Marlin’s personal space to show dominance and her gestures show “affect display.” Dory’s affect display is “the movements of the face that convey emotional meaning- the expressions that show anger and fear, happiness and surprise…” (DeVito 144) It is a nonver...
Richmond, V & McCroskey, J 2011. Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations. 7th ed. Allyn & Bacon.
When we communicate, we can say a lot without speaking, through our body, our posture, tone of voice and the expression on our face all display a message. If our feelings don’t fit with our words, it is often the body language that gets heard and believed. Nonverbal communication is a rapidly flowing interactive process. Being aware and understanding the cues you may be sending along with the cues others send and pick up from your body language, may not be showing what you are really trying to communicate to others at that moment.
Often when people are lying about an emotion, an involuntary micro-expression can flash across our faces before we can control them. Less than one percent of society was born with the natural ability to detect micro-expressions. The Wizards Project has identified just over 50 people with this ability after testing nearly 20,000 people. The science behind lies became increasingly popular to study during the twentieth century. Based largely on psychologist Dr. Ekman’s research, Lie to Me proves to be one of the most scientific dramas of its time, captivating and intriguing its audience. Although micro-expressions can never undoubtedly prove guilt, an analysis of the combination of voice and body language can allow someone to make an extremely well educated guess at whether or not someone is lying.
Teaching requires a strong relationship between the teacher and students. Nonverbal communication is vital, if underestimated, in building this trust. Nonverbal communication is “all those elements of a communication which are not essentially linguistic in nature” (Smith, 1979, p. 637). Some aspects of nonverbal communication include eye contact, facial expression, gestures, touch, proximity, posture, vocal qualities, and artifacts (Smith, 1979; Johnson 1999). These all interact with verbal communication and have many meaning that can be interpreted in a multitude of ways. As such, it is up to the teacher to be sure that their intentions are clear.