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Comparison between qualitative and quantitative research
Quantitative research described as the traditional approach
Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research methods
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Life is forever changing and in sport this is no different. Changing social, political, economic and technological contexts are all influenced in sports, it is only through continual research that our understanding and knowledge of sport may be maintained and enhanced (Gratton and Jones 2010).
The term ‘Research’ can consist of different meanings, research enquires can be defined as; a methodical, formal and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems and to discover and interpret new facts and relationships (Waltz and Bausell 1981). The goals of research are to formulate questions and aim to find the answers. Gall, et al. (1996) explain how the immediate goals of research may be categorised as exploration, description, prediction, explanation and action, where they provide a strategy for figuring out which questions to ask and how to find the answers. Researchers can decide the type of research they want to carry out according to which methods would suit their research (Johnson,.et al. 2007)
Research involves inductive and deductive methods (Babbie, 1998). Inductive methods analyse the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations (Ary, D 2010)
Research can be divided into two approaches which are qualitative and quantitative research. Aliaga and Gunderson (2000) define quantitative research as “Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods.” This is usually done using statistics. Quantitative metho...
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...ve processes in qualitative research.Qualitative market research: An international journal, 3(2), 82-90.
Issurin, V. B., Liebermann, D. G., & Tenenbaum, G. (1994). Effect of vibratory stimulation training on maximal force and flexibility. Journal of sports sciences,12(6), 561-566.
Impellizzeri, et al. (2006). Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(6), 483-492.
Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 1(2), 112-133.
Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K., & Silverman, S. J. (2011). Research methods in physical activity. Human Kinetics.
Pearson, L., & Jones, G. (1992). Emotional effects of sports injuries: Implications for physiotherapists. Physiotherapy, 78(10), 762-770.
The advantage of this fitness test is that it has a close correlation with the velocity and directional change requirement utilised in playing the game (Barber et.al. 2016). Additionally variations of the test can be used to adapt to sports specific requirements such as dribbling in soccer or holding a ball in rugby (Barber et.al. 2016).
Based on the preceding ontological and epistemological assumptions a researcher then makes methodological assumptions. Having decided on exactly what is to be studied the researcher then decides how the research can best be managed thus formulating a plan of action. Considerations include whether the research used should be primary or secondary. Whether one will test an existing hypothesis or whether one will construct a theory after having collated evidence. Finally one can draw conclusions as to which strategy to implement with the ultimate goal of producing the type of knowledge that is required. This then results in the type of method or methods of research to be used.
middle of paper ... ... High-intensity interval training: Applications for general fitness training. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 31(6), 44-46. Syatt, J. a.
Walker, N., Thatcher, J., & Lavallee, D. (2007). Psychological responses to injury in competitive sport: a critical review. The Journal of The Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 174-180.
Plyometric exercises are exercises that cause a muscle to eccentrically contract and then concentrically contract and are useful for developing power in soccer. It is important that the movements performed in the exerc...
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
Creative new training methods, developed by coaches, athletes and sport scientists, are aimed to help improve the quality and quantity of athletic training ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). However, these methods have encountered a consistent set of barriers including overtraining ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). Due to these barriers, the need for physical and mental recovery in athletics brought an increasing attention in practice and in research ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1).
Playing a sport whether its basketball, soccer, football or any other of your interest can be thrilling, and accelerating. Not only can it be fun yet physical exercise is good for the mind, body, and spirit. Therefore, as an athlete one must keep in mind that playing any sport, injury is part of life and inevitable. Research has proven from time to time that severe injuries in sports can trigger psychological mental health issues, affecting them in their athletic performance.
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
Football is one of the most physically demanding sports that can be played. (Drust, B., Atkinson, G. & Reilly, T., 2007.) stated that football is a mixture of high and low exercises in a game which is accompanied by other varied movements and executing specific skills. In difficult sports like these, the body's functions demand more effort and more energy due to the nature of football. In football, there are different factors that can affect the physiological demands of the body during football games like the environmental factors, the importance of the game, the ball possession of the team, player's physical capacity, technical qualities, playing position as well as the player's tactical role in the game and age. In general, in a game, there
Plyometric training (PLY) is a very popular form of physical conditioning of healthy individuals and certain patient populations (e.g. osteoporotic patients). It involves performing body weight jumping-type exercises and throwing medicine balls using the so-called stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle action. The SSC enhances the ability of the neural and musculotendinous systems to produce maximal force in the shortest amount of time, prompting the use of plyometric exercise as a bridge between strength and speed (Markovic & Mikulic,
A key feature of mixed methods research is its methodological pluralism or eclecticism, which frequently results in superior research (compared to mono-method research)
Research is systematic way to find out facts and knowledge as Kothari (2006) has analyzed that research is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment; the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solutions to a problem. However there are two types of researches one is by Purpose and other is by method. The type by purpose falls into three categorize such as Basic, Applied and Action Research.
Although many kinds of research may be found in academic journals, original studies can be differentiated from other types of research by their use of a methodical research process. In order to be considered a research “study,” a set of seven distinct steps are followed:
After establishing the research problem and what results are wanted, it will define how it will find the answers. Research is a form of collection and interpretation of information that will form the basis of finding answers to questions. The research uses theories and methods that h...