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cloning endangered animals essay 1000 word
cloning endangered animals essay
cloning of endangered species
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Fierce, magnificent, and free. On June 20, 1782 the bald eagle was unofficially declared as the representative of the United States of America. Instead of protecting the national emblem, “on July 4, 1976, the US Fish and Wildlife Service officially listed the bald eagle as a national endangered species” (History of…). The representation of the country’s freedom, strength, and beauty lies heavily on this bird; if it were to become an extinct species, what would that say for the United States? There is a very realistic and near-future solution: cloning. The topic of cloning, which has become a part of modern-day society, is a controversial topic because it has become an unfathomable concept to those who still hold the traditional values. When cloning technology is furthered and can be perfected, it will put an end to the number of increasing endangered species.
Cloning, by dictionary definition, is defined as “the aggregate of genetically identical cells asexually produced by a single progenitor cell” as well as “an individual grown from a single somatic cell or cell nucleus and genetically identical to it” (Merriam Webster Dictionary). Simplified, a clone is an organism that is asexually reproduced from the same genetic information of another organism (Tamang). Cloning is complicated, but can’t be overlooked because of that. There are a few ways to go about cloning mammals, one of which is called “twinning.” Twinning is when one sperm cell fertilizes an egg, and that egg separates into eight cell embryos. These embryos are implanted into the uteri of eight separate mothers and eight clones will be born. The most commonly known method of cloning is the “Nuclear Transfer” method. Two cells are needed for the transfer; a donor and a...
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Serendip. Web. 20 Nov 2013. f00/web1/tamang.html>. "Why Clone?." Learn. Genetics.. The University of Utah. Web. 24 Nov 2013.
Cloning, upon first hearing the word cloning, the thought of Dolly the sheep pops into the mind. The first and most used type of cloning though is not the type that creates animals, but rather DNA cloning. “Cloning is an umbrella term that science uses to indicate the duplication of biological material.”(Human Genome Project) Cloning is further broken down into three categories. The first is DNA cloning, which is the replication of DNA strands. DNA cloning is usually the process of getting a cell to replicate a desired gene for us. DNA cloning has been used since the 1970’s and has persisted as an effective cheap means of replicating DNA of interest in a foreign host cell. “To "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes.”(Human Genome Project) Plasmids are not part of the chromosome but they replicate along with the cell when it replicates and divides. Since they are not a part of the chromosome they are easier to isolate and manipulate without affecting the cells function. “When the f...
Cloning is a real process that scientists use today to reproduce an exact living copy of DNA from the DNA of another living organism. When the idea of cloning first came about in the early 1800’s people believed it to be more science fiction than actual science. People didn’t understand the concept of cloning and therefore was naturally scared of the subject. It is best understood by how the Department of Animal Sciences at Cornell University explains it, “Cloning is a method of producing two or more genetically identical organisms by asexual reproduction. This means that there is only one parent cell, from which all the genetic information will come. Thus, the DNA sequence of cloned organisms is exactly the same as that of the parent cell.” Despite the general population’s disbelief there have been major scientific advances in the cloning process in the last fifty years. After many years of trial and error the first successful clone was created.
Cloning has been in nature for thousands of years, a clone is a living thing made from another consisting of the same DNA. For example identical twins are clones because they have the same DNA but the differ because the twins begin after conception when a zygote, a totipotent stem cell, divides into two, some plants self-pollinate and produce a seed, which in turn, makes plants with the same genetic code (Hyde). According to the Human Genome Project there are three types of cloning, DNA, therapeutic and reproductive; DNA cloning involves transferring DNA from a donor to another organism, therapeutic cloning, known as embryo cloning, involves harvesting stem cells from human embryos to grow new organs for transplant, and last is reproductive cloning which creates a copy of the host (Conger). One of the earliest cloned animals was a sea urchin by Hans Dreisch in the late 1800’s. Unlike Victor Frankenstein, Dreisch’s goal was to prove that genetic material is not lost in cell division, not to create another being, (History of Cloning) stated by Frankenstein “that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.” There are many ways an animal...
Through the process mentioned above there has been an increase in the methods in which DNA, Reproductive and Therapeutic cloning and the processes that happen in order for cloning to occur. DNA Cloning occurs when the DNA cell is replicated, an organisms DNA is taken and placed in a Vector also known as plasmid. This self-replicating cell will then create copies of the DNA code. After being placed into a foreign host cell that is suitable for the DNA the cell will then reproduced. Reproductive cloning in some aspects of the developing stages is similar but is still completely different. Reproductive cloning is the type of cloning that has successfully created the most famous clone to live. Dolly the sheep is famous as she was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell. In 1996 Dolly was born. Reproductive cloning uses the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer shown in figure 1 below where the nucleus from an adult cell is taken and placed into a cell which has had its nucleus removed. Scientist use electrical currents or chemicals to stimulate the cell division process to begin and the embryo is then placed in a surrogate womb where it will stay till it i...
Cloning is a recent innovative technique the National Institute of Health defines as a process employed to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. Depending on the purpose for the clone, human health or even human life can be improved or designed respectively. “Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is the most common cloning technique. SCNT involves putting the nucleus of a body cell into an egg from which the nucleus has been removed."^1 From this technique, an embryonic cell is activated to produce an animal that is genetically identical to the donor. Today, human cloning still remains as a vision, but because of the success of Dolly, the lamb, researchers are becoming more confident in the ability to produce a genuine
Cloning is a process that creates exact genetic copies of an existing cell.Cloning is a more general term that describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies. The process of cloning can happen either naturally, for instance, when identical twins develop or it can be induced through synthetic conditions in a laboratory. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.
Throughout time, human and animal cloning has developed into a new important technology in everyday lives without always knowing it. Cloning is the process of copying or duplicating an organism. Human and animal cloning has so many different outcomes and uncertainties. It can be used for many different purposes, depending on what someone wants to use it for. People all around the world have different views on cloning. Some are against it and some are for it. However, not everyone fully understands how cloning works. Human and animal cloning will determine our future. It can improve or maybe even destroy mankind. Cloning is very important to the world because it can lead to new developments later on in the world that have not yet been thought of.
To create a clone is to create identical copy. This imprecise definition can be tied to a number of creatures and processes in biology, those including, mono zygote (identical) twins (when one fertilized egg splits into two embryos in the first week of fertilization) , horticulture (a section of plant being implanted in a different place to create a decedent of the original plant) , and parthenogenesis (the method of asexual reproduction by females.) The creatures and processes listed above all fall under the category clones and cloning, but the difference between these and the clones and cloning processes normally referenced in, for example, science fiction, is where they occur. The examples listed are naturally occurring clones and cloning techniques, regarded as biology clones, whereas the other type of clones and cloning occurs artificially or in laborites. This genre of cloning is cloning in biotechnology. This cloning specifically refers to three established techniques: reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, and gene cloning. From observing the biological, naturally occurring cloning, scientists were able to create methods for created clones that are created in the laboratory intentionally. Although clones created through biotechnology are commonly associated with fantasy and science fiction, cloning animals with biotechnology is no fiction. There are even examples of animals being somewhat successfully cloned by scientists such as the lionized Dolly the Sheep. This type of technology even has the potential to clone humans, or extinct animals. Even though scientist have advanced technology and knowledge on cloning, the topic of whether or not this technology should be used is controversial. Despite the controversy and p...
To begin with, cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals. Plants and animals has been a frequent
Cloning is the process of taking cells from a donor, placing them in a culture dish where the nutrients are minimal, so the cells stop dividing and switch their "active genes". The cells are then put next to an unfertilized egg. The nucleus is sucked out of the egg leaving an empty egg cell containing all the cellular machinery necessary to produce an embryo. An electric shock is used to fuse the egg and cell together. A second shock is then used to mimic the act of fertilization and help begin cell division. After the egg has successfully moved to the stage of an embryo it is then placed in to the uterus of a surrogate mother. When born, all the genes are the same as the donor of the cell.
The definition of cloning on google.com is “propagate (an organism or cell) as a clone” which is right. Making a clone typically isn’t reproducing another exact replica. The only thing that may be the same about the clone and the original is the DNA that the original obtains. The clone might look different and act different. For example, when two cats were cloned the clone of the original was different than the other. Different temperaments, Different Appearance Etc. But the only thing the same about them was that their DNA was the same. The process of cloning first takes place when the nucleus of the donor egg is then removed with the empty egg, the clone source DNA is injected into the donor’s egg. Next the egg rapidly divides, repeating this process over and over into a multicellular clump. Next cells start to become a group and eventually form a specific organ such as heart, liver, and kidney. Stem cells are harvested from the embryos of 100 cells or more and finally the embryos continue to grow in size and in complexity resulting in an identical replica in genes of the original.
Satris, Stephen. "Is Cloning Pets Ethically Justified?" Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Moral Issues. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. N. pag. Print.
you might ask. Well Cloning is when you create two organisms with identical DNA. There are two methods of cloning: Reproductive (“regular” cloning) and Therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning lets the zygote grow into an embryo and from there into a newborn baby, where in therapeutic cloning is when you stop the zygote from growing at the 100 cell stage and harvest it into a needed tissue;however, this has not been successful yet. Even though clones will have the exact same DNA, they will not express their genes the same way so the two clones kight look or act differently. After Dolly the Sheep was announced in 1997, the United Nations forced countries to ban reproductive cloning, so in the US it is illegal to use federal funds for any type of
Although cloned animals are generally created with good intentions and for research, there many precautions and doubts that limit the use of cloning techniques. Many uncertain factors that affiliate with cloning deters people from understanding the greater benefits. There has always been a fear of technological advancements, as cloning has a bad reputation. People wonder if we should invest a lot of money into cloning since it is very expensive and has a low success rate and low life expectancy of the animal to make traditional clones. Cloning and genetically modified animals currently do not have policies to prote...
Human cloning refers to the creation of a genetically identical copy of humans. This is done by copying the cells and tissue of humans using different cloning techniques discovered and developed over the last 130 years.