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community policing issues
the consequences of cultural assimilation
community policing issues
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Cultural Considerations
Community policing is a daunting task. Each culture, diverse in its own right, may believe in a separate religion, have their own language, may have new immigrants, yet all are to be governed by the same set of rules society has set forth. The police strive for equality, yet many times fall short because of human interaction. Immigrants coming from foreign countries are attempting to escape oppression, and obtain the “American Dream.” For all their efforts of escaping, they mistakenly bring the oppression with them.
Earning trust is a difficult task for the police when those in the community have had prior experiences in their previous country. Lysakowski, Pearsall, and Pope state in their report, “Local police departments often feel blindsided by the rapidly growing pace of diversity in their communities and, therefore, have little comfort dealing with this environment,” (Lysakowski, Pearsall III, & Pope, 2009, p. 1). Immigrants are usually the victim of many crimes, however, because of their mistrust of local police they are hesitant to call or even talk with local officers. Hasisi, states in his report, “The immigrants are generally unfamiliar with the culture of the host country, and their vulnerability may make them targets for abuse by criminals in the community,” (Hasisi, 2008, p. 1127).
Challenges to Policing
The difficulty of speaking the language, and knowing the customs of the community are paramount to being able to assist residents and business owners. The immigrant does not always learn the language when they come to, and live within the borders of the United States. Inability to communicate makes responding to the phone calls more difficult, however, there have been strides in ...
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...l Taker. Retrieved from Dispatcher Magazine On-Line: http://www.911dispatch.com/training/train_call.html
Hasisi, B. (2008). CRIMINOLOGY: POLICE, POLITICS, AND CULTURE IN A DEEPLY DIVIDED SOCIETY. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 1119-1145.
Lysakowski, M., Pearsall III, A. A., & Pope , J. (2009, June). Policing in New Immigrant Communities. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from Community Oriented Policing Services: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Publications/e060924209-NewImmigrantCommunities.pdf
Nazemi, S. (2009). Sir Robert Peel's Nine Principles of Policing. Retrieved from Los Angeles Community Policing: http://lacp.org/2009-Articles-Main/062609-Peels9Principals-SandyNazemi.htm
Walker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2011). Chapter 12: Police-Community Relations. In S. Walker, & C. M. Katz, The Police in America: An Introduction (Seventh ed., pp. 370-423). McGraw-Hill.
The objective of this essay is to examine one of the six pillars of the President’s Task Force on 21st century policing. Of the six pillars, pillar four’s target is the importance of community policing and crime reduction. The definition of community policing is the use of partnership and problem-solving methods to address public safety issues, such as crime, fear of crime and social disorders. The highlight of community policing is that it partners with residents in the community to implement public safety. Some background into how community policing came to be was in the 1960s and 70s, civil rights protest were in effect. For example San Diego’s police department conducted a study with community policing. “Officers were expected to become
& Forst, L.S. (2016). An Introduction to Policing (8th Edition). Boston, MA USA: Cengage Learning. p.243 (245). Retrieved June 6, 2017, from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net
The author focuses on the U.S. Task Force on 21st Century Policing and Police Data Initiative or PDI to determine if it helps to restore trust and the broken relationship between and communities and police officers. The Task Force made by Barack Obama recommended the analysis of department policies, incidents of misconduct, recent stops and arrests, and demographics of the officers. The PDI has tasked 21 cities to comprehend the police behavior and find out what to do to change it. Also PDI was said to have data and information on vehicle stops and shootings by police officers. The use of statistics has a purpose to help rebuild trust and the relationship between and communities and police officers.
While on the job, police must put all their personal opinions aside. They must provide everyone with an equal and fair chance. It is important in a democratic society for police to not know too much about the community they are policing. It allows them to ...
Both of these articles were focused on the Strategy of Policing, but the author’s approaches to the ‘hot topics,’ couldn’t be more difficult. Williams and Murphy focused on the different eras of policing, and how the racial conflicts have overlapped policing efforts. Whereas, Kelling and Moore focused on how police have evolved with the eras. The articles were dramatically different, however, the policing eras: Political, Reform, and Community Orientated eras were influenced largely as the main focuses for each academic article.
When it comes to the criminal justice system, legal rulings only provide a systematic method of dealing with the problem of crime and, especially, the problem surrounding the police use of force. In Graham vs. Conner, for example, the courts established the four-factor test to evaluate police use of excessive force but left other, underlying social and moral dilemmas untouched. Furthermore, the influence money has in negotiating punishment via lawyers and bail, have made the courts a perfect playing field for the political and social elite to rule. Both have contributed to the inability for the legal dealings of coercive force to address some of the moral and social implications the use of force contains. To understand and tackle these other issues inherent in the use of coercive force, we must examine the police institution itself. The eroding and almost nonexistent social relationship between the police and the community contributes most to the problem surrounding the police use of force. In order for a better relationship to develop, the public perception of the police as a legitimate source of authority needs to be established. The loss of police legitimacy makes the increasing use of force inevitable since citizens are less willing to voluntary comply. Considering the amount of power and discretion they have, the first step to establishing legitimacy is turning to the officer selection process. When it comes to almost anything, even education, selection is more competitive as the expectations of that job increases. The qualifications and standards for entering a community college vastly differ than those required for a prestigious university. Since the police are entrusted with a great amount of power and a tremendous job tha...
Mirsky I (2009). Community Oriented Policing. Internet Journal of Criminology. April 11, 2011. Available at http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Mirsky_Community_Oriented_Policing.pdf
...T., Reiner, R. (2012) ‘Policing the Police’ in The Official Handbook of Criminology. Ed. By Maguire, M., Morgan, R., Reiner, R. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 806- 838
Research from Hanser and Gomila (2015) revealed that most minority groups “live in lower-class neighborhoods in large urban centers where the greatest concentration of law enforcement officers exists” (p. 340). Racial disparity and discrimination are common among juveniles who are born in the United States from immigrant parents, particularly those residing in lower-class neighborhoods where crime is prevalent. Minority juveniles will also find themselves facing various difficulties and challenges
Newburn (2011) stated, “Until well into the 1960’s while there were a few people from minority ethnic communities represented in sport, business, politics, and the civil service, there were no Asian police officers whatsoever” (p. 611). Some of the challenges that police recruiters may face when recruiting Asian-Americans are as follows: (1) language barriers; (2) cultural differences; (3) racist attitudes; (4) historical distrust; and (5) racial biases (Scaramella et al., 2011). Law enforcement agencies that are culturally and linguistically diverse are prone to be more effective in serving diverse communities. The underrepresentation of Asian-American police officers can negatively impact the solvability of violent crimes such as home invasions and arm robberies in Asian communities (Le, 2015). Asian immigrants are more willing to address criminal activities to Asian-American police officers as oppose to non-Asian-Americans (Cao, 2011). Reporting criminal activities to the police is beneficial for both the victim and the department. An offense report could either
Walker, S., & Katz, C. (2012). Police in America: An Introduction (8th Edition ed.). New York:
There has always been a love-hate relationship between the public and the police. When called upon to help, they can be something sent from God, but when they are writing tickets, or taking a friend to jail, the view changes from a savior to a presence that is unwanted and often hated. An effort to improve the public view of law enforcement is being attempted by many departments. Using different styles of policing techniques, mainly community based policing, has proved to be the best way to improve the image of law enforcement.
Cordner, G. W., & Scarborough, K. E. (2010). Police administration (7th ed.). Albany, N.Y.: LexisNexis/Anderson Pub.
To conclude, Community policing represents a major development in the history of American law enforcement, but the extent to which this approach is a success and dominates contemporary policing remains a source of debate. In my point of view, community policing is good for communities. It has challenged the traditional concept of the police as crime-fighters by drawing attention to the complexities of the police role and function. In addition to the police officer hard work; citizens can also make a difference and contribute to make neighborhoods a better place to live. For instance, citizens can hold community meetings to talk about concerns and agree on solutions help organize healthy activities for children in your neighborhood, join or starting a neighborhood crime watch program, and talk to your community police officers and share information and concerns.
The thought of arriving immigrants in any host country has been accompanied by reactions of exclusion, and continues to expand throughout the years. During any social illness, immigrants tend to be the first to be held responsible by their recipient societies. Most crimes are associated with immigrants due to the fact that they may not posses the same socio-economics status as natives. Another contributing factor is the media that conducts numerous stories that highlight the image of immigrant crimes to recall the alleged difference between native and foreign born. Undoubtedly, the correlation between immigration and crime has become one of the most controversial discussions in current society. As we enter a new era, immigrants will have more impact on society than ever before (Feldmeyer, 2009).