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Strengths and limitations of stakeholder theory
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Policy Problem
The recent Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications (CRTC) (2013c) 'Broadcasting Regulatory Policy on the Distribution of Canadian Category C national news speciality services' marks a new regulatory approach to distributing competitive news and sports programming in Canada. This policy is a response to Canadians' concerns over consumer choice due to program bundling and an inability to select news and sports programs on a stand-alone basis (CRTC, 2013c; CRTC, 2014). Based on the Commission's public notice on 'Regulatory Framework for Broadcasting Distribution Undertakings and Discretionary Programming Services', the new regulation demonstrates an effort to reduce national news and sports program regulations and to encourage greater competition in the Canadian cable market (Armstrong, 2010; CRTC, 2008; CRTC, 2013c).
Background
The Commission preambled in 'Review of the Regulatory Framework for Broadcasting Services in Canada' that competition and packaging policies by broadcasting distribution undertakings (BDUs) would be re-examined in 2010-2013 (Dunbar & Leblanc, 2007). The CRTC (2008) distributed a public notice stating its future intent to leave packaging decisions to be negotiated between broadcasting service providers and programmers. During this time, the majority of stakeholders agreed that packaging restrictions should be reconsidered in future policy frameworks. This delay in regulatory action was, in part, due requirements to “mirror” analog and digital packaging services and thus policy changes would not occur until the majority of the market reached digital saturation in the broadcasting sector. This was predicted to occur in the early 2010s.
The CRTC (2013b, 2013c) revisited mandatory carr...
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...cations for mandatory distribution on cable and satellite under section 9(1)(h) of the Broadcasting Act. Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2013-732. Retrieved from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2013/2013-372.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2013c). Distribution of Canadian Category C national news speciality services. Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2013-734. Retrieved from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2013/2013-734.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2014). Let’s talk TV: A report on comments received during Phase I. Retrieved from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/broadcast /eng/hearings/2013/2013-563oc2.htm
Rennie, S. (2013, August 8). CRTC pledges review of news channel rules after rejecting Sun News Network's bid for basic cable slot. Financial Post. Retrieved from www.financialpost.com
Michael Parenti (2002) declares media in the United States is no longer “free, independent, neutral and objective.” (p. 60). Throughout his statement, Parenti expresses that media is controlled by large corporations, leaving smaller conglomerates unable to compete. The Telecommunications Act, passed in 1996, restricted “a single company to own television stations serving more than one-third of the U.S. public,” but is now overruled by greater corporations. (p. 61). In his opinion, Parenti reveals that media owners do not allow the publishing of stories that are not beneficial and advantageous. Parenti supports his argument very thoroughly by stating how the plutocracy takes control over media in multiple ways: television, magazines, news/radio broadcasting, and other sources.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 can be termed as a major overhaul of the communications law in the past sixty-two years. The main aim of this Act is to enable any communications firm to enter the market and compete against one another based on fair and just practices (“The Telecommunications Act 1996,” The Federal Communications Commission). This Act has the potential to radically change the lives of the people in a number of different ways. For instance it has affected the telephone services both local and long distance, cable programming and other video services, broadcast services and services provided to schools. The Federal Communications Commission has actively endorsed this Act and has worked towards the enforcement and implementation of the various clauses listed in the document. The Act was basically brought into existence in order to promote competition and reduce regulation so that lower prices and higher quality services for the Americans consumers may be secured.
Canada holds the same beliefs about pubic broadcasting as Lowe & Jauert (2005). As a nation that is not only democratic but multicultural and diverse, media influence plays a major role in bringing together and shaping the Canadian society. Howev...
Brooks, Samuel G. "FCC V. Fox Television Stations And The Role Of Logical Error In Hard Look Review." Brigham Young University Law Review 2010.2 (2010): 687-717. Business Source Complete. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.
Conflict theory claims that advertising does not sufficiently address issues of inequality in society. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013, p.462) There are five major media outlets that form a monopoly of the media industry in Canada: CTVglobalmedia Inc. owned by Bell Canada, Rogers Communications Inc. Controlled by the Rogers family, Shaw Communications controlled by the Shaw family, CBC/Radio Canada, and Quebecor Inc. Controlled by the Péladeau family. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013, p.462-463) CBC/Radio Canada is the only publicly owned media company in Canada, whereas, approximately 90% of the media in Canada is privately owned. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013, p.464) This allows for 90% of advertising content to be chosen by wealthy corporations. In an American study, 93% of newspaper editors admitted to advertisers attempting to influence news stories and 37% admitted that advertisers have influenced their stories. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013,
Back to the early 1970s, people from CRTC (Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission) felt anxious and threatened when they became aware of American Cultural imperialism had a big influence on Canadian Cultural Identity which made the latter to diminish. To solve this crisis, CRTC adopted Canadian content rules (CanCon) to govern the percentage of the music with Canadian content should be played from radio stations until now. Theoretically, this regulation could cause Canadian talents to rise and support the Canadian music industry. Also for Canadian artists, they would get more opportunities to let the masses to hear their music. However, from my point of view, CanCon works the opposite way. Reasons are as follows.
Taras examines the commitments and values of CBC with the Canadian government and the citizens. He looked at a particular case of when CBC clashed with the government, and how CBC struggled to keep their TV programs running (Taras, pp.4-5). Next he talked about how the media industry is being taken controlled by powerful corporation and claims that PSB have the responsibility to protect the minorities (Taras, p.6). Subsequently, Taras discussed the ups and downs CBC had gone through until this day. Lastly, Taras explores the complex and intimate relationship between public broadcasters and the government; how they take advantage of each other to accomplish their goals. Ultimately, Taras believes that PSB will continue to have an impact in society despite living in a generation of digital media.
The first excuse is economics. The business of TV is ruled by a simple declaration: Get the audience the advertisers want. The consequence is that major networks forgo the mass ...
ShervinFo. “Creation of the Canadian Broadcast Corporation.” Canada in the 20s and 30s. Tangient, 8 Feb. 2010. Web. 7 June 2014. .
Miller, P. J. (2014, January 13). What is Canadian About Canadian Media? Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
The topic of discussion in this paper is advertising in Canada. It will argue that the Canadian advertising industry strives to protect themselves from competition in the United States. The paper will discuss how the Canadian advertising industry allots their money to different forms of media to ward off the United States competition. Tracing the history of advertising from the early 1960’s to the present day, will help to show why Canada concentrates on the television and radio portion of the media.
In the early 1970s, the FCC continued it's restrictive policies by enacting regulations that limited the ability of cable operators to offer movies, sporting events, and syndicated programming. The freeze on cable's development lasted until 1972, when a policy of gradual cable deregulation led to, among other things, modified restrictions on the importation of distant signals.
Thomas, L. L., & Litman, B. R. (1991). Fox broadcasting company, why now? An economic study of the rise of the fourth broadcast `network.'. Journal Of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35(2), 139.
In this assignment I will be studying the ways bodies regulate the media. Media regulation is the regulation of the media, such as enforcing rules and regulations and how they deal with the breakers of these rules.
There has always been controversy as to whether there should be regulations on reality tv shows or not It would be a positive gesture to hold regulations on reality tv. Although having regulations on reality tv limits violence, decreases bad ratings, and makes the show more family oriented, it can make the show less intriguing because it wouldn’t be as melodramatic, it wouldn’t be real if it had rules, and it limits the freedom of the people on the show.