3.3.2 XRD analysis and FTIR after immersion in SBF
The XRD of the prepared scaffolds after soaking in SBF for different time intervals is demonstrated in Fig. 6. XRD spectra of Ch/MB composite scaffolds showed sharp peaks, 25.88°, 31.8°, 39.89° and 46.7° (2θ) attributed to 022, 211, 221 and 222 reticular planes of HA [30, 31]. The increase in the intensity of peaks from 2 days to 30 days was indicative of the increase in the deposition of HA. It also confirmed that the presence of MB increased the deposition of HA on the scaffolds [32] (Fig. 6). The IR spectrum of synthetic hydroxy apatite was used as references to evaluate the structural evolution and the bioactivities of the prepared scaffolds [33]. After soaking in SBF solution, the initial characteristic bands of the Ch/MB biocomposite are modified strongly because of the interfacial reactions between scaffolds and the SBF. Consequently, the spectra of these biomaterials reveal new bands as demonstrated in Fig. 7.
In detail, the spectrum of Ch/MB biocomposite shows three new, well-defined phosphate bands at 565, 603 and 1039cm–1 after 2 days of soaking in physiological solution for Ch/MB scaffolds. They are assigned to stretching vibrations of the PO4 3– group in phosphate crystalline phases. This result confirms the formation of a calcium phosphate layer; this spectrum is quite similar to that of hydroxyl apatite except for the two bands located at 1620 and 3423 cm–1. These bands are characteristic of the presence of water related to the hygroscopic feature of the apatite formed. In addition, the carbonate band at 1420 cm–1 is also observed. This band attributes to a stretching vibration of the C−O liaisons in carbonate groups. The presence of carbonate bands indicates the f...
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At this point the identity of the unknown compound was hypothesized to be calcium nitrate. In order to test this hypothesis, both the unknown compound and known compound were reacted with five different compounds and the results of those reactions were compared. It was important to compare the known and unknown compounds quantitatively as well to ensure that they were indeed the same compound. This was accomplished by reacting them both with a third compound which would produce an insoluble salt that could be filte...
Prodigiosin can formulate into a biopigment, henceforth contribute to the production of important medicinal materials. It is a highly desirable molecule, as of its characteristic traits being; antibacterial, antimycotic, antimalarial, antitumour and also immunosuppressant. (Prad...
Dai, X., Reading, M., & Craig, D.Q.M. (2008). Mapping Amorphous Material on a Partially Crystalline Surface: Nanothermal Analysis for Simultaneous Characterisation and Imaging of Lactose Compacts. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 98, 1499–1510.
So far, various techniques have been used for reconstruction and regeneration of maxillary and mandibular bone defects. Autogenous bone grafting, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis and nerve transpositioning are among these regenerative techniques (1-8). Decision making for the treatment could be influenced by the type, size and location of the bone defects (2, 3, 9, 10). GBR had high success rate in treating small alveolar defects such as dehiscence or fenestration. Regenerative bony walls around the defect with ingrowing blood vessels can begin osteogenesis (11) larger bone defects with insufficient regenerative walls and an low quality avascular bed need varied amount of autogeneous bone graft from extra oral or intra oral donor sites, however, the patient may suffer from complications in donor site as well as bone graft resorption.(10, 12-15)
Alumina and zirconia ceramics have been widely used in orthopaedic hip replacements for the past 30 years. The advantage of using these was lower wear rates than those observed using polymers and metals. Because of the ionic bonds and chemical stability of ceramics, they are relatively biocompatible and therefore more preferable to use than metals and polymers. Alumina is most commonly used as a femoral head component instead of a metal in a hip prosthesis because this would reduce the polyethylene wear that is generated. Alumina is a desirable biomaterial to use in hard tissue implants because of characteristics like excellent wear resistance, high hardness, bio inert, low abrasion rate and good frictional behaviour. Furthermore, it has excellent surface finish as well as high fatigue streng...
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the solubility of calcium sulfate. In Part A with the resin, The number of moles in the original CaSO4 sample was determined to be 3.69 x 10-4 moles, and the molarity of calcium in the saturated CaSO4 solution was determined to be 0.0148 M. The molarity of calcium in the saturated CaSO4 solution is equal to the solubility of CaSO4, so the solubility of CaSO4 was determined to be 0.0148 M at 18.9 °C. In Part B with the titration using EDTA, the moles of calcium in the original saturated calcium sulfate solution was determined to be 3.87 x 10-4 moles in Trial 1 and 3.74 x 10-4 moles in Trial 2, so the molarities of calcium in the saturated solution were determined to be 0.0155 M in Trial 1 and 0.0150
Arthritis is a common thing in older individuals to acquire, especially in the hip and knee. These discoveries may lead to safer and more cost effective ways to replace bone after it has been compromised by things such as arthritis. Logically, it would be advantageous to create a structure with structure and properties similar to that of human bone to replace human bone. Recreating human bone is the next step in the timeline of artificial bone’s role in artificial bone replacement.
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) plays an important role in treating bone diseases related to osteoporosis and other orthopedic treatments. Although several methods are used in orthopedic surgery, some bone transport methods such as autografting and allografting have a certain number of disadvantages. Both are expensive methods and they can be exposed to infections and diseases. Therefore, in stead of using these potential risky methods, bone tissue engineering process are used to treat in orthopedic treatments. In general, both tissue engineering and bone tissue engineering have major constituents including stem cells, scaffold, bioreactors and growth factors.
Osteoporosis, which means “porous bone, ” is a disease of weak and brittle bones.(nof 1) Osteoporosis makes bone mineral density loss. In a result, the possibility of fracture is increased because the bone is fragile. The size or volume of the bone is same, however, the mass of bone runs low on. This condition is the sympt...
... the usage of bioresorbable scaffold involves by selecting certain phenotype of cell and implants it on permeable substance before being implanted to the pulmonary position. The scaffold is presume to degenerate as the cells grow. The last approach involves constructing a mold for leaflets similar to the aortic shape using the collagen constructs (Vesely 2005).
Spinal fusion stabilizes the spinal vertebra by fusing the disk spaces between the vertebra. The purpose of Lumbar fusion surgery is designed to help create solid bone between the adjoining vertebra. Classically Autograft bone has been used for fusion. This case study demonstrates the successful use of a synthetic bone graft called Signafuse. Signafuse is a moldable bone graft comprising a proprietary combination of patented bioactive glass particles and biphasic mineral granules suspended in a patented resorbable polymer carrier.
...ussion: Adsorption sites for salt as well as for alcohol are polar silanol groups (Fig 1c). As discussed earlier, alcohol is not adsorbed on all silanol groups (prefers isolated silanol group) and alcohol is more preferentially adsorbed than salt. So, anchorage of salt on the silica surface must be very distinct, reducing the possibility of irreducible mixed metal support formation. Also for substantial adsorption, silica gel has to be contacted with very concentrated salt-alcohol solution. In our opinion small amount of water cause ionization of alcohol which further induce ionization at silanol surface creating anionic sites suitable for esterification of ethoxy group. On the other hand, salt is mostly “associated” if the water is around 1-2% in the solution and the adsorbed salt will act as nucleation site for salt present mainly because of physical interaction.
The key ingredients in making standard glass or float glass is sand or silicon oxides, soda or sodium carbonate, lime
Nanotechnology has found many potential applications in the area of functional foods by engineering biological molecules toward functions very different from those they have in nature, opening up a whole new area of research and development.
The field of regenerative medicine encompasses numerous strategies, including the use of materials and de novo generated cells, as well as various combinations thereof, to take the place of missing tissue, effectively replacing it both structurally and functionally, or to contribute to tissue healing[29]