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the impact of the second world war on women
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Barbara Tuchman: Inspirational Historian
Barbara Tuchman was known for being one of the best American writers and historians of her time. Born in to a very wealthy and prestige family, her interest in history was adopted through her lifestyle. Her father was not only a banker, philanthropist, and publisher but was also the president of the American Jewish Committee from 1941 to 1943. Her uncle, Henry Morgenthau Jr., served as the Secretary of Treasury under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. While growing up she attended private schools in New York and received a B.A. degree from Radcliffe College. After graduating she went on to work for her father's magazine, The Nation. She was interested in history at this time and began researching historical subjects to place in the magazine. At this time she met her husband, Dr. Lester Reginald Tuchman, and went on to have three daughters through the years (Brody).
While raising a family Barbara Tuchman produced a total of eleven books. Two of her books, The Guns of August and Stillwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-1945, both received the high honor of the Pulitzer Prize. In order to familiarize herself with the history, she frequently traveled to sites of the event in her books. According to Brody, before writing The Guns of August, "she visited Europe for an on-the-spot survey of the areas where the early land battles of World War I had taken place. She followed the routes that the German armies had taken through Luxemburg, Belgium, and northern France in their attempt to reach Paris." Her final book was The First Salute. In the story she presents the American Revolution being viewed through an international perspective. Her writing then forever stopped due to complications of a stroke on February 6, 1989. Though she has passed away, her books leave behind a better understanding of the past and lessons learned. She not only enlightened readers with facts about history, but also provided her opinion of war through her work (Brody). She is quoted as saying, "War is the unfolding of miscalculations" ("Quotes").
Barbara Tuchman is well known for her books on war history. The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam, gives a great example of Barbara Tuchman's ability to connect historical events with one another. In the book, she summarizes events in time that meet a criteria she calls "Folly." The criteria has three
1. Where did Barbara Anderson’s fieldwork take place and what was the goal of her research?
On November 4, 1942 in Harlem, New York, Patricia Era Bath was born to parents Rupert and Gladys Bath. In her early years, Patricia was raised in Harlem, New York. Harlem was not the safest, place yet Pat called it home. In her hometown lots of reasons for worry were present, not only because of the challenges for blacks, but because of World War Two. Patricia grew up being much worse off than others in their society. At an early age she excelled in many activates including science, flute, and being able to speak French. She was also able to master the writings of Milton, Virgil, Plutarch, and John Locke. Being the person she is, she only saw excitement and opportunity in her “long run.”
When reading two passages, one by M.F.K. Fisher on the French port of Marseilles and the other by Maya Angelou on the small town of Stamps, I noticed that the passages had some similarities but where entirely different in their effect and the handling of language resources. While Angelou and Fisher organized and constructed their passages similarly, the persona and rhetoric of the authors are opposite.
Julia Tutwiler fame came from her devotion in education, prison reform, and writing. Julia Tutwiler has been said to been fifty years ahead of her time with the legacy she left behind. The legacy Julia Tutwiler has left behind is still notice today in the education system, prison reform, and her writings. In the education system Tutwiler forced ten girls entry into the University of Alabama overruling protest that the university would lose prestige. She would also later help establish a technical school for girls called the University of Montevallo. Tutwiler also changed by her many prison reforms. She reformed prisons by separating men from women and juveniles from criminals. She also implemented sanitation, inspection of all prisons, instituted schools, and even religious services for inmates. Tutwiler’s contribution in writing can easily be seen by her poem “Alabama” which became timeless after being adopted as Alabama’s state song. Tutwiler’s life can be seen as a life full of accomplishments, even being one of the first women being inducted into the Alabama Women’s Hall of Fame. (Hall of Fame).
Another unique aspect to this book is the constant change in point of view. This change in point of view emphasizes the disorder associated with war. At some points during the book, it is a first person point of view, and at other times it changes to an outside third person point of view. In the first chapter of the book, “The Things They Carried,” O’Brien writes, “The things they carried were largely determined by necessity (2).
Mintz, Steven, and Sara McNeil. "The War's Consequences." Digital History. Ed. John Lienhard, Grace Lin, and Micharl Rapp. Digital History, 2013. Web. 6 May 2014.
Wilkinson, Stephan. “The Worst Battlefield Blunders: Five Battles That Ended Badly.” History.net, Weider History Group. Web 30. March 2014.
Toni Cade Bambara, otherwise known as Miltonia Mirkin Cade, was born on March 25, 1939. When she was five years old, she told her mother that she wanted to be called “Toni,” and by the time she finished college, all of her professors called her Toni Cade. She changed her name legally to Toni Cade Bambara in 1970 (Stone, Jennifer). She was born shortly after the Harlem Renaissance, a huge cultural movement that took place in the New York neighborhood of Harlem. This movement was mostly African American (“Biography of Toni Cade Bambara”). This greatly influenced Toni as a child and is why she wrote later in her life (Stone, Jennifer). Her parents also influenced her. Her father would take her to the Apollo Theatre and her mother would take her to The Speakers Corner, which was a political event (“Biography of Toni Cade Bambara”). When she went to the theatre with her father, this inspired her in an artistic way. When she went to the political event with her mother she was inspired to take on and learn more about politics.
Sometimes it takes us human beings to experience our lows before we appreciate our highs in life. For Mona Ruiz, this became true when she had accomplished her dream of becoming a police officer for the Santa Ana Police Department. She had gone through many struggles such as with education, physical abuse, racism, and gang affiliation. Nevertheless she prevailed and outdid her peers, regardless of what they thought of her. She has recently written an astonishing autobiography, Two Badges: The Lives of Mona Ruiz with co-author Geoff Boucher. It describes her dramatic life living in the barrio and how although she might have associated herself with the wrong crowd, she set aside the ridicule and went to pursue a career most of her friends would
Edna Ferber's childhood and career influences many of her works. She was born in 1885 and died in 1968. Growing up, she was taunted for being Jewish. Her family moved a great deal, so she was able to see a lot of the country. She eventually landed a job as a reporter, but faced a lot of criticism at the workplace for being a woman. When asked about her role model, Edna Ferber said, "My mother is of the iron age when things were not handed to people on velvet pads of ease-She had a zest for life and the ability to impart it on others. Her belief in the eternity of life has a nourishing effect on her and all those who come in contact with her. She is a wonderful woman" (Shapiro 15). Because of this, she bases most of her heroines on her mother. In fact, Edna Ferber based nearly all her novels, plays, and short stories on her own life as a Jewish woman reporter in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The battle of Marathon is one that nearly every historian can recall. Whether do to its Hellenistic nature or the infamous tale that dictates the name of a popular footrace we currently celebrate, the battle itself is of great strategic importance to historians of the militaristic department. The battle is one of the first well documented amphibious landings in written history. The case lends vital information as to the method and the purpose of not only amphibious landings but also the general theme of naval warfare. More specifically the case lends critical information about the strategic importance of foresight, boldness as well as the role that a significant beachhead play’s in amphibious operations. It’s clear to see that when an observer views the information laid out in the case made by Rodgers in his discussion of the battle of Marathon that the role of a beachhead and the lack of boldness on the side of the Persians were the deciding factors in their failure to take Athens and conquer the Greeks.
Carol Berkin was a talented woman; she was born in Mobile, Alabama. She earned bachelor 's certificate at Barnard College. Also, at Columbia University, she got M.A and PhD; she achieved the Bancroft Dissertation Award. She was chosen with her book: Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of An American Loyalist by Carol Berkin (1974). Right now, Baruch College is where she becomes Presidential Professor of History; she is a member of history staff at CUNY Graduate Center. In addition, she is the writer, good editor; she has written many textbooks. They are published like A brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution (2002) that was translated into Chinese and Polish, Women of America: A History (1979), Clio in the classroom: Guide for Teaching
Born on 28 February 1929 in Toronto, Canada, Frank O. Goldberg entered a household with a strong Polish and Jewish heritage. Twenty years earlier, Thelma Caplanski left Poland with her parents, a couple with deep religious morals. Once they settled in Toronto, the two decided to change their last name to Caplan. The owner of a hardware store, her father was also the president of a synagogue. His wife, Frank’s grandmother, was said to have good visual abilities. Thelma would continue working with the Jewish community through a Yiddish theater and the Jewish Women’s Organization as she raised Frank. Like several of Howard Gardner’s figures, Frank was close with his mother and grandmother.
In her essay, entitled “Women’s History,” American historian Joan W. Scott wrote, “it need hardly be said that feminists’ attempts to expose ‘male biases’ or ‘masculine ideology’ embedded in historical writing have often met with ridicule or rebuttal of as expressions of ‘ideology.’” Scott’s essay discusses the efforts of female historians to both integrate themselves into the history disciples and their struggle to add and assimilate female perspectives, influences, and undertakings into the overall story of history. She also talks about the obstacles and potentially biased criticism that female historians have received and faced upon establishing themselves as accredited members of the historical academic community. One of these historians is Natalie
In the video Untold: Women Who Changed the World, women fought for their equality to men. They realized that once women started getting lead roles in society, entertainment, and athletics; they were just as important as men, and deserve to be treated as men are. They think that being submissive to men was not constitutional and it had been going on for too long. Women voiced their importance to the country and fought for things they thought that women deserved like abortions, the ability to make decisions for themselves, birth control, and many other things. Once the movement started, it didn’t stop; women all over the country fought for their rights and equal opportunities. They talked about how stressful life was before birth control and how once they got it, they had control over their bodies and got to decide when they wanted to have a family. They say that if a woman and a man both have a job, it is not the woman’s job to make dinner and take care of the family, they should both work on things at home. Women of power fought to make laws to ensure that women have the decision and power to do what they want with their bodies, which started controversy all over the country. People thought