This research paper will provide statistics for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, including cause, treatment and heritability. ADHD is primarily accompanied by other disorders, including emotional, physical and mental impairment. Utilizing three peer-reviewed journal articles, in class powerpoints, as well as text from Laura E. Berk’s textbook, “Infants and Children; Prenatal Through Middle Childhood”, ADHD will be explained in a nondiscriminatory manner. Geraldine S. Pearson suggests that when a child has ADHD, 10% to 35% of first-degree relatives also have the disorder while Laura E. Berk states that many cases are over-diagnosed. However, she does not suggest that ADHD is not commonly found in families; in contrast, she also states that it is a very heritable ailment. Unfortunately, ADHD is a lifelong disorder and treatment is not available for every individual affected. Keywords: hereditary, disorder, environmental, behavior ADHD in Children Children who are diagnosed with ADHD are usually accompanied by another disorder; typically, children with ADHD have decreased attention spans, learning disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and even Tourette disorder (Pearson). ADHD is a disorder that is highly obtainable due to hereditary, but genetic influence is not the only way a child may become afflicted with ADHD. Maternal smoking, or high amounts of stress while pregnant may also cause ADHD. Furthermore, there are other outside influences that can play a role in causing ADHD or contributing to the likelihood that a child will eventually be diagnosed as ADHD (Pearson; Berk). Furthermore, because ADHD is usually accompanied by other disorders, it is important to rule out these disorders. It... ... middle of paper ... ...s. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.; 2006; Pearson) If the individual is suspected of having an accompanying disorder, they will often be referred to a psychatrist in order to help treat and/or manage these symptoms. Works Cited Berk, L. (2012). Infants and children; prenatal through middle childhood. (Seventh ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Pearson, G. (n.d.). A child with undiagnosed adhd. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.t x.ovid.com.ozone.nsc .edu:8080/sp-3.12.0b/ovidwe Keen, D., & Hadijikoumi, I. (October, 2nd 2008). Adhd in children and adolescents. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2907929/ Howard, B. (2005, June). Adhd in young children. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com.ozone.nsc.edu:8080/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=349931&sr=HLEAD(ADHD in Young Children) and date is 2005
sure what causes ADHD, although some suggest that genes play a dominant role. Most likely
“Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).” Tish Davidson, AM., Teresa G. Odle., and Laura Jean Cataldo, RN, Ed.D. The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. 3rd Edition. 2010.
ADHD, or Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. There are many symptoms associated with ADHD but the most common include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity. Scientists are not exactly sure of what causes ADHD but they are more comfortable with the idea that a lot of different factors play a role in its development, such as, genes, environment, brain injuries, sugar, and food additives. The most widely used treatment is the drugs but this is not the only way to treat ADHD.
There are definitely people with a genetic vulnerability. However, there are also others with biological vulnerabilities. ADHD is a real disorder with implications to problems with brain chemistry and function. It is also know to be one the most commonly diagnosed disorders in school aged children. Today we use brain scan studies and genetic studies to help us diagnose this disorder. However, we have learned that is a heterogenous disorder and is still a very low-tech diagnosis based on symptoms (Ullman,
ADHD is a disorder that has been on the rise for several years now. The disorder is one that can cause many impairments to a child’s attention span, making it difficult to concentrate and to keep on task, especially on schoolwork. (Graham, 2007) The statistics have been growing ...
This paper will attempt to describe Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The different causative factors, as well as the diagnosis of this disorder will also be described. Finally, the different treatments that are available for ADHD will be discussed.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly referred to as simply ADHD, is the most commonly diagnosed disorder among American children today. According to the National Institute on Mental Health an estimated 3 to 5 percent of school age children are affected by this disorder. (1) There are more diagnosed cases of ADHD of in the United States than there are anywhere in the world. The main symptoms of ADHD include "developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, concentration, activity, distractibility, and impulsivity." (1) While the number of people diagnosed with ADHD increases dramatically every year, there is still much about the disorder that is not understood. While scientists have deduced that ADHD originates in the brain, they still have many questions about the nature of it. The classification of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has become quite a controversial topic in American society today. There are some who believe that by recognizing the symptoms associated with the disorder as ADHD; science is simply putting a band-aid on a problem that could be otherwise corrected with behavior modification.
ADHD is an exceedingly real diagnosis for many children in the United States. Are we over diagnosing our little ones just to keep from dealing with unpleasant behavior? “ On average 1 of every 10 to 15 children in the United States has been diagnosed with the disorder, and 1 in every 20 to 25 uses a stimulant medication” (Mayes, Bagwell, & Erkulwater, 2008). Several believe that virtually all ADHD diagnoses are retractable with appropriate discipline of children instead of being so hasty in medicating them. The material found on the CDC website describes facts about ADHD, it clarifies the signs, symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis tools, and treatment forms of ADHD. What the article neglects to go into is the reality that there is a considerable amount of controversy surrounding ADHD. The CDCs usage of ethos, pathos, and logos and by what method the website manipulates them to affect the reader will be the basis of this paper.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is very commonly known. Today, ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders among children. The NIMH (The national institute of mental health) predicts that it affecting 3 to 5 percent of all children(AACAP), with an approximate amount of 30% to 65% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood (AACAP).There are three types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, Predominantly Inattentive Type, and Combination Type(ehow.com). The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three main categories; hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. These behaviors can interfere with ADHD sufferers’ ability to focus deliberately on organizing and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy. A case of this kind of behavior is recognized in a report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behavior (clinicaltrials.gov) These kinds of behaviors can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem, depending on severity of their symptoms (adhd.com). In this paper, the multiple factors of how ADHD affects, and is handled, of those who undergo this disorder, are shown.
ADHD is broken into three subtypes. The first is those who are impulsive and hyperactive. The second type is made up from those who are inattentive only. The third group is those who display all of these symptoms combined. In the United States, 3-5% of children show signs of this disorder. It has also been shown that the disorder is more dominant in boys. Many children with ADHD do not outgrow this disorder and carry it on into their adult lives. Various studies have shown that two-thirds of children with ADHD still have the disorder in their 20’s making it is a problem which affects children and adults alike.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This behaviour stops ADHD sufferers from focussing deliberately on organising and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy, learning new skills or information is proved to be impossible. An example of such behaviour is recognised by the report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behaviour. Such behaviour can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem. (National Institute of Mental Health 1999) There are also secondary symptoms which are associated with ADHD, such as learning disorders, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, tic disorders, and conduct disorders. (Spencer, Biederman, and Wilens 1999 in Monastra V, Monastra D, George, 2002)
Psychiatrists are physicians who help patients with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of any mental disorder. Psychiatrists can treat patients with a range of disorders from mild anxiety, to people with severe disorders that can cause dangerous behavior to anyone with a mental retardation, to anyone also suffering with alcoholism. Psychiatrists can also prescribe drugs to their patients because they are physicians. They undergo many years of training to be able to recognize the connection between mental disorders and physical disorders. Psychiatrists can work with their patients in their own private offices or in hospitals and clinics. Psychiatrists can also teach in medical school or research and study the causes and treatments ...
The purpose of this research was to describe and understand Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the most effective treatment options that are available today. ADHD is a mental health disorder that affects 3-9% of the population in ways that, if left untreated, can wreak havoc on the mind of the sufferer. It makes concentration difficult, large tasks seem insurmountable, and causes impulsive and hyperactive tendencies. Fortunately, research and experiments have led to new and effective treatments to help those who suffer from this disorder (Dupaul 8). This research examined journal articles and internet sources on the topic to help unlock the complexities of the disorder through scientific research. It also was a way to separate the myths of the disorder from the truths, while discovering the causes, diagnosis methods, and best treatment alternatives to battle this prevalent disorder.
From the day I entered kindergarten class at the age of five my accomplishments in school have been tainted by behavioral problems. Every week my mother would inevitably receive calls from teachers and principals complaining about my inattentiveness and hyperactivity in the classroom. I never had a problem with the work and I was always one of the smartest students in my class so my parents just assumed that I was a rambunctious child. My parents completely subscribed to the belief that “boys will be boys” and although I certainly was reprimanded for my behavior, the last thing to have crossed my parents’ mind was that this type of behavior was a symptom of a disorder. The disorder I am referring to is called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Approximately fifteen million Americans suffer from this disorder yet around the country there are probably thousands of people, just like my parents, who fail to recognize or seek help regarding cases of ADHD. The problem lies in the ignorance of the population. ADHD has dramatic cognitive and behavioral effects on children and without awareness of the symptoms of ADHD, parents, teachers, and students alike are left without the necessary tools and strategies to raise and educate children inhibited by the disorder. To promote awareness, this paper will attempt to shed light on how to recognize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in young children in order to create strategies to help optimize the time children spend on their studies so they can realize their potential as students.
Researchers in this study decided to focus on families affected by ADHD for several reasons. The first reason is the prevalence of ADHD, for “ADHD in the general population is approximately 3% to 8%” (Lench, Levine, & Whalen, 141). Additionally, parents who report ADHD symptoms a...