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Impacts of the Mongol Empire
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Impacts of the Mongol Empire
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The Mongols were a fierce people who conquered many lands under the strong leadership of Genghis and Kublai Khan. From their origins in Asia to the growth of their empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe, their inspiration of Europe lasted for centuries. Both good and bad things came from them, but overall, their reign was for the betterment of European culture. The advancements Europe made within the 1200’s could not have been accomplished without the successes of the Mongol Empire. This all began with the Mongolian Empire rising up from the steppes of Central Asia. Starting out as a primarily nomadic people, several rival clans were all brought together by a man called Genghis Khan. With the new chieftain’s army, much of Asian lands were soon under his control. However, the Mongols failed to gain China in Genghis’ lifetime. His descendants, mainly Kublai Khan, were later able to expand into China’s land, and there they created a period of peace called Pax Mongolica. The previously ruined Silk Road was remade under Mongolian rule, which allowed the exchange of learning to be more accessible to both Western and Eastern Europe (Prentice Hall World History). During the period of Mongol Peace, Europe was just starting to advance past the point of the Middle Ages. Soon it would be known to all of Europe that a new era of death and devastation would arise. As the Mongols made their way throughout Asia and Eastern Europe, a disease was carried along with them. That disease was known as the bubonic plague, or the Black Death. It was carried to Europe on the Silk Road by fleas on rats. With no cure available at that time, it wiped out one-third of Europe’s population (Szczepanski). It would take Europe decades t... ... middle of paper ... ...red splits in the various cultural understanding of the Medieval Church. While many people still see the Mongolians as a ruthless force that took over many territories and caused much devastation, it’s easy to see now that God has placed everything on the Earth, good and bad, for His definite glory. Works Cited "Four Inventions of Ancient China: Paper Making, Gunpowder, Printing, Compass." Four Inventions of Ancient China: Paper Making, Gunpowder, Printing, Compass. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Ellis, Elisabeth Nor., Anthony Esler, and Burton Beers. "Chapter 12 Section 2." Prentice Hall World History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. "The Renaissance - Rebirth of Europe." The Renaissance. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013 Szczepanski, Kallie. "What Effect Did the Mongols Have on Europe?" About.com Asian History. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
Mongol rule between nations both varied and shared many similarities. Both China and Russia were incorporated into the ever expanding Mongol empire. The massive expanses of land each civilization contained would help to increase the power the Mongols had. This would also help them to control more of Eurasia. Many people were killed during the brutal wars the Mongols started to try and conquer land. They were power hungry and destroyed everything that got in the way of their conquests. The Mongols never assimilated into neither Chinese nor Russian culture. This led to rebellions against the Mongols in both Chinese and Russian areas.
The Mongols, or as the Western Europeans called them, the Tartars, were a nomadic, militant people that dominated the battlefield during the pre-industrial time period (“Tartars” 7). Over the span of the 13th century, from the Central Asian steppes in the east to the Arabian lands to the west, the Tartars subdued the unfortunate inhabitants and expanded their empire vastly. To the fear and dismay of the Western Europeans, the Tartars desired to triumph over all of Eurasia; therefore, the Western Europeans were to be conquered next. News of the imminent Tartarian attack rapidly spread through West Europe like a wildfire, and the powerful Holy Roman Church contended to prepare a strategy against the onslaught. In the year 1245, Pope Innocent IV, the head of the Church at the time, sent a group of Friars led by Giovanni da Pian del Carpini to gather some knowledge about the Tartars. It was a dreaded mission, one that would probably end in a terrible death, since the Tartars were a cruel people towards outsiders. Nevertheless, Carpini valiantly ventured into the unknown darkness, and returned to his homeland with valuable information about the Tartars. Through the insight he gained during his travels, he wrote his account of the Tartars in a report called the “Historia Mongalorum” (“Tartars” 19), which is known today as “The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars”.
1. What was the impact of the mongol conquest of Russia? Of the Islamic heartlands?
Documents 3 and 5 support the contributions of all creditors in Mongol power; the tools, the horses, the men, the women, and the weapons used to conquer many lands. In addition, Documents 4 and 6 can be compared by which they both further explain authority, while Documents 8 and 9 clarifies Chinggis Khan’s and Pope Innocent IV’s points of view on each other’s power.
With Mongols owning the largest continuous land mass in history, they are going to interact with our countries. This interconnectedness let other cultures interact with each other; many people from different areas in which they took over (spreading far as modern day Korea to Poland) even moved to other regions which they liked causing mixing and assimilation. Despite the brutality of the empire, they had “… a system of pure theism and perfect toleration” (document c). Everyone who was invaded and conquered was free to practice their own religion on culture (document b); therefore, this caused the spread of mostly Islam and Buddhism. The Turkic groups that allied with the Mongols were Muslim and had specialized skills and literacy, which not many of the Mongolians possessed, so, they hired them and moved them around the empire. Many travelers converted to Islam, and Persia, an already Muslim country, their culture was
The Mongols in 1241 invaded Poland with the intent of also taking Hungary. The Mongols under the leadership of Ogadei the son and chosen successor of Genghis Khan had been gaining control of Western Russia since 1236 and were in position to invade Europe. The appearance and disappearance of the Mongols in Europe was sudden. By December 1241 they returned to Mongolia after the death of Ghenghis Khan’s successor Ogadei to take part in the election of a new leader. They accomplished their objective of eliminating the threat of Henry II’s and Boseslav’s armies. Conquest of Europe had to be abandoned as a result the Mongols only accomplished the slaughter of numerous Europeans and the temporary occupation of a swath of land. Europeans attributed the military victories of the Mongols to the Mongols being not entirely human and supernatural in some way. The triumph of the Mongols was due to their discipline and tactics.
The Mongols were said to be strong and conquering warriors. They covered most of Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. The Mongols lived a different life than the neighboring civilizations, they didn’t care much about farming and they mostly lived off of the meat, milk, hide of horses and sheep. They had to battle many clan rivals to get themselves to that expansion around Europe and to keep their civilization safe from invaders. The result of all their conquering lead to others to believe that the Mongols were nothing more than barbarians, it is arguable to say if they were or if they weren't.
The Mongols were not much different than the Turks. The Mongols also had a reputation of causing violence and looting. The Mongols had invaded many different places to reap the wealth that the land had brought its people. As the text states, “The popular image of the Mongols is often one of hordes of warriors inflicting mass destruction as they passed in conquest” (Bosworth, 125). These groups had been primarily nomadic, they had sought out to invade and conquer land in order to expand their
The Mongols were able to accomplish such a large territory within a short period of time due to their strong and extensive military and strategies, the organization of their society, and the fear they induced that struck the entirety of Eurasia. The Mongols seized control between 1200-1400 and were the most feared empire to have ruled in centuries, or perhaps ever. They controlled much of the Asian continent and they were able to keep control even after the division of the empire after Genghis Khan’s- their first major leader who unified all of the original Mongolian tribes- death. They also planned on expanding their empire after to and had trouble so it lead to a quick fall after the cost of constant war and fighting.
The Mongols came to conquer many areas and populations. In a period of 1162-1227, Genghis Khan was able to conquer about 4,860,000 square miles (Doc. A). He ranked #1 beating Alexander the Great and Tamerlane for most square miles conquered. This means that all the people who lived in those 4,860,000 square miles were killed by the Mongols. They created a war zone. The only way that they were able to conquer so much area, was because of there battling strategies (Doc. D). They used what they knew to work together and fight for the land. The Mongols were a powerful
The Mongols were known for waging war and causing destruction wherever their armies go. They mainly focused upon being involved in wars against China after the Chinese “discontinued to pay tribute to the Mongols after they withdraw.” (The Mongol Empire). In the game, I did not go to war with China, due to the fact I never even encountered their civilization. I did in fact encounter the civilizations of Egypt and Greece. The Mongols however never encountered the civilizations nor even heard of them. They can not place cities where they never even roamed. Speaking of which, I did not have a lot of major cities in my game. The Mongols had a vast amount of cities in their empire. I only constructed two in my time playing Civilizations, though I did expand my borders quite
Geography played a big role in history and made each empire unique in its own way. Geography had positive and negative effects when it comes to location, access to resources, and trade. For the Spanish and Mongol Empires, geography played a role in state formation as well as affected their strategies of rule. Considering that the Mongol Empire began in the 11th century and the Spanish Empire in the 15th century, the affects that geography had were significantly different regarding their state formation and forms of ruling, however, there were some slight similarities in the process of building up their empires. Both the Mongol and Spanish Empires were similar in that they used trade as a mechanism for expansion and connection, however, they differed in that the Mongol Empire focused on conquering territory throughout the Afroeurasian landmass while the Spanish Empire devoted its attention to overseas territory.
Founded by a nomadic tribe in the Eurasian steppes led by Genghis Khan, The Mongol Empire was the largest empire the world has ever seen, spanning from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to that of the Pacific Ocean. While the Mongol dominance in the 14th and 15th centuries improved diversification of trade goods across the Eurasian continent and provided a catalyst for the Age of Exploration, it also started the spread of black death in Europe and left Japan in an economically deprived state that led to civil war.
Before Chinggis Khan came into power, Mongolia had a loosely defined set religion; the word “set” would also be loosely defined and used in the case. Native Mongolian religion mainly focused on the spiritual powers that came from the heaven and earth. The Mongols worshiped the sky god Tenggiri over all other spirits and gods, though others were important to them as well. This worship was so extreme at times, that the followers of Tenggiri became extremely cult like. Almost like Mormonism. Despite having such devoted followers, there was no priesthood and very few full-time practitioners. Prognostication was common among practitioners of this native religion, most of it coming through the form of divination through the cracks that appeared in the scapula and other bones of sheep. Shaman were also very common within this religion.1
Duiker, William J. , and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History . 6th. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Pub Co, 2010. print.