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The meaning of love is as intricate and unique as the purpose that it serves. It seems that the nature of love is found in the mind, the body and the soul. In Plato’s Symposium each member of the drinking party gives their own interpretation of love. As each speaker engages in their discourse, the concept of love is evaluated from different angles. According to Phaedrus, homoerotic love is the highest form of love and that sacrificing oneself for love will result in a multitude of rewards from the gods, while Pausanias believes that there are two forms of love: Commonly and Heavenly. As a physician, Eryximachus claims that love appears in every part of the universe, including plants and animals and that protection results from love. Before starting his speech, Aristophanes tells the group that his discussion about love may seem completely absurd, as he explains that in the beginning one body had two people who were eventually split in half by Zeus. This is meant to explain why people are constantly looking for their “other half”. Moreover Agathon, the poet the symposium is celebrating, critiques the previous speakers by stating that they failed to praise the god of love. He claims that love rejects feebleness and embraces youthfulness while also implying that love creates justice, courage and wisdom. The last person to speak is Socrates. First, he examines Agathon’s speech through a series of questions where Agathon finds himself rejecting many of the points that he previously made. While Agathon’s speech is beautifully delivered, according to Socrates, it is incorrect because it lacks real philosophical content. In the midst of all the questions, Socrates comes to the conclusion that “Love is of something; second, that it is ... ... middle of paper ... ...unconditional love for God. Once Augustine converts, he attains the purest form of love and it is solely reserved for God. The Symposium, The Aeneid, and Confessions help demonstrate how the nature of love can be found in several places, whether it is in the mind, the body or the soul. These texts also provide with eye-opening views of love as they adjust our understanding of what love really is. By giving us reformed spectrum of love, one is able to engage in introspective thinking and determine if the things we love are truly worthy of our sentiment. Works Cited Plato. The Symposium. Trans. Christopher Gill. New York: Penguin Books, 1999. Print. Maro, Vergiliou, Publius (Virgil). The Aeneid. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. New York: Bantam Books, 1971. Print. Augustine. Confessions. Trans. Henry Chadwick. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Print.
Plato's Phaedrus is a conversation between Socrates and Phaedrus. In this conversation the young Phaedrus is overjoyed to tell Socrates of the speech that he had just heard Lysias, "The best writer living" (Plato Phaedrus 22), tell. In this speech Lysias uses his rhetorical skills to argue that physical love without emotional attachment is preferable to physical love with emotional attachment, "That is the clever thing about it; he makes out that an admirer who is not in love is to be preferred to one who is" (Plato Phaedrus 22). Socrates listens to this speech, as relayed by Phaedrus and quickly becomes aware that this speech was a ploy by Lysias to get Phaedrus into bed with him. Socrates then fashions a speech, on the spot, that argues the same points that Lysias did. Socrates? speech is going well but is interrupted by "divine sign." Socrates then has to fashion a new speech that renounces the blasphemous nature of the first. Socrates? second speech contains the famous image of love as a charioteer with two horses. He also addresses the nature of the soul and the effects that love has on it (which will be ...
The poetry of Sappho, and the speeches in Plato’s Symposium both deal primarily with homoerotic love, although Sappho, one of the only female poets in Ancient Greece, speaks from the female perspective, while Plato’s work focuses on the nature of this love between men. There are several fundamental elements that are common to both perspectives, including similar ideals of youth and beauty, and the idea of desire as integral to both views on love. Despite these similarities, however, there is an important distinction, which can be understood in terms of Pausanias’ concepts of Common versus Celestial Love, where Sappho’s view represents Common Love, and the larger view of Symposium represents Celestial Love. While Sappho’s work is very much grounded in the physical realm, Plato emphasizes that true love is centralized in the mind, and that it is an intellectual and philosophical phenomenon.
Love and affection is an indispensable part of human life. In different culture love may appear differently. In the poem “My god my lotus” lovers responded to each other differently than in the poem “Fishhawk”. Likewise, the presentation of female sexuality, gender disparity and presentation of love were shown inversely in these two poems. Some may argue that love in the past was not as same as love in present. However, we can still find some lovers who are staying with their partners just to maintain the relationship. We may also find some lovers having relationship only because of self-interest. However, a love relationship should always be out of self-interest and must be based on mutual interest. A love usually obtains its perfectness when it develops from both partners equally and with same affection.
Humans have many ambitions in life, yet most people’s ambitions fall into one spectrum. This spectrum? Love. People often express their desire for love, yet don’t realize that love is carried with them throughout their lives. In today’s society, ‘love’ is a commonly used term to describe a relationship based on affection for another person. However, love has many levels of complexities. Ancient greeks recognized the various forms love can take. Some of which include eros, storge, and philia. William Shakespeare, in his classic drama “Romeo and Juliet,” and other authors use eros, storge, and philia to explore the complexities of love and its effects.
A great writer once wrote: “The most important things are the hardest to say. They are the things you get ashamed of, because words diminish them -- words shrink things that seemed limitless when they were in your head to no more than living size when they 're brought out.” Boundless things -- ideas, concepts, memories -- are all torn apart when we speak about them. They get cut up into little pieces, so that we may chew on them and digest them without choking. We end up turning these immeasurable things into literary defecation. Love, for instance, has been constant subject among writers and philosophers for eons. Everyone from E.L James to Plato has written on love and attempted to explore it with language. In Plato’s Symposium, love is discussed
He first speaks to Agathon in order to be on the same wavelength with him. Socrates asks Agathon a series of questions - which leads to Agathon being thoroughly confused and completely re-thinking his entire speech he just made. Agathon is no longer sure if Love is beautiful and good, which was his primary definition of it before.
In the Symposium, a most interesting view on love and soul mates are provided by one of the characters, Aristophanes. In the speech of Aristophanes, he says that there is basically a type of love that connects people. Aristophanes begins his description of love by telling the tale of how love began. He presents the tale of three sexes: male, female, and a combination of both. These three distinct sexes represented one’s soul. These souls split in half, creating a mirror image of each one of them. Aristophanes describes love as the search for the other half of your soul in this quote: “When a man’s natural form was split in two, each half went round looking for its other half. They put their arms around one another, and embraced each other, in their desire to grow together again. Aristophanes theme is the power of Eros and how not to abuse it.
When it comes to adultery, love is the most important factor in determining if it’s wrong or right. In Plato’s Symposium, love is discussed among Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes Agathon and Socrates. Pausanias is the most important when discussing adultery. Pausanias points out that there are two types of love, Common Aphrodite’s Love and Love of Heavenly Aphrodite. Common love is the root of adultery. It is the love that has plagued the whole world for the past hundreds of years. It is the love shared between two people only for their selfish sexual pleasures. While Heavenly love is the spiritual love between an elder and a boy that provides guidance, and I believe it is the cure for the devastating plague of common love. Most people share common love and have no real soulful love connection between them. In the Symposium, Pausanias refers to a love he calls the common love in which a person is more attached “to the body more than the soul, and to the least intelligent partners, since all they care about is completing the sexual act” (166). Which relates to adultery in that committing sexual acts with someone else’s body is ultimately meaningless if the person is not attached to the soul of the other person. I claim that adultery is morally permissible because having sexual intercores with someone else has little
Love is unvarying; not just the god, but also the emotion itself. There are similarities between Carver 's short story as well as Plato 's work where not all relationships were the same. By love also existing in different forms, it supports both the homo and heterosexual relationships found in Plato 's work. Another form of love is found in Greek mythology, as expressed by Aristophanes, where the idea of soulmates originates from these two beings who had two sets of body parts that were connected together, constituting of a variation of mixes between the three sexes. The two people started out as one, but their power was too strong so the gods had to separate them which is where the idea of looking for one’s other half comes from (Plato 25-28). There are older men who pursue younger men, as discussed at this symposium, where the older man would act as mentors or guides for the other. They were discouraged from exhibiting any signs of pleasure that they could feel from the less experienced partner. These homosexual relationships were looked upon with more respect because women were viewed to be inferior mentally to men, so by men desiring other men, it meant that their relationships were countered by an intelligent partner.Pausanias believed in two types of love; celestial, meaning physical and mental attraction, and common. Celestial love is related with not having affairs with younger boys who are “younger than the age at which intelligence begins to form”(Plato 14), while common love was regarded as a negative form because it was someone “who
Love, in classical Greek literature, is commonly considered a prominent theme. Love, in present days, always appears in the categories of books, movies, music, etc. Interpreted differently by different people, Love turns into a multi-faceted being. In Plato’s work Symposium, Phaedrus, Pausania, Eryximachus, Aristophane and Agathon, each of them presents a speech to either praise or definite Love. Phaedrus first points out that Love is the primordial god; Pausanias brings the theme of “virtue” into the discussion and categorizes Love into “good” one or “bad” one; Eryximachus introduces the thought of “moderation’ and thinks that Love governs such fields as medicine and music; Aristophanes draws attention to the origin and purposes of Love; Agathon enunciates that the correct way to present an eulogy is first to praise its nature and gifts.
I have always thought that there was only one type of love, which was that feeling of overwhelming liking to someone else. I am aware that Lust does exist and that it is separate from Love, being that the desire for someone's body rather their mind. In Plato's Symposium, Plato speaks of many different types of love, loves that can be taken as lust as well. He writes about seven different points of view on love coming from the speakers that attend the symposium in honor of Agathon. Although all these men bring up excellent points on their definitions on love, it is a woman that makes the best definition be known. I will concentrate on the difference between the theory of Common and Heavenly love brought up by Pausanias and the important role that Diotima plays in the symposium.
Plato’s outlook on love is very similar to the works of Sappho, yet adds to it,
In this essay, I am going to prove that Socrates could fell in love. I will talk about how Socrates thinks about love, and then give proofs from Phaedrus and Symposium regarding why Socrates could fell in love. Firstly, Socrates thinks that it is better to be a non lover than a lover, since non lover would want his lover to be weak, and that is a negative influence. Then, he rejects his first speech, because that’s merely someone who does not able to see the real truth thinks. People who is fully rational, with a philosopher’s mind, and able to see the real truth, would not want his lover to be weak. The desire of wanting lovers to be weak is not true love. After giving a definition of love, Socrates thinks that is love is a form of madness
The ideas of physical love, or the lusting for body rather than mind, are discussed within the speakers and related to their own physical loves as compared to their intellectual loves. Though they all have their own contrasting views as to the nature of love and it origins, it is Socrates who "tells the truth about Love," (33.199b. Despite these differences on the nature and origins, all of the orators are in general concordance on the ideas of the physical side of love. Pausanias promotes the idea of "two Loves, since there are two types of Aphrodite," (12.181d). The type of love he associates with physical lust is Common Love, "the kind of love that inferior people feel. People like this are attracted to women as much as boys, and to bodies rather than minds," (13.181b). He argues that these Common lovers are attracted to partners with very little intelligence because they seek only sexual satisfaction as opposed to intellectual satisfaction. Eryximachus continues on this duality of Love, but extend it in the form or good and bad love. Similar to Pausanias' Common Love, Eryximaachus agrees that "when this type of love is applied, it must be with caution, to ensure that th...
Love has been expressed since the beginning of time; since Adam and Eve. Each culture expresses its love in its own special way. Though out history, though, it’s aspect has always been the same. Love has been a major characteristic of literature also. One of the most famous works in literary history is, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. This story deals with the love of a man and a woman who’s families have been sworn enemies. There love surpassed the hatred in which the families endured for generations. In the end they both ended up killing their selves, for one could not live without the other. This story is a perfect example of true love.