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Potential impacts of genetic engineering
Potential impacts of genetic engineering
Impact of genetic modification
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Gradually, but steadily scientists are edging their way further into the depths of unknown territory. This new innovative technology that has helped us achieve the unimaginable is now jeopardizing lives, and threatening our future. For decades, the evolving science of genetics has informed us and saved lives. Recently, procedures of genetic selection and modification are taking it further to eliminate genetic diseases. This complicated process that alters the genes of embryos is highly uncertain, and being activated too soon, with too much risk. So what, we may ask, are the actual long term effects of this procedure on not just its patients, but our population? Perhaps we will never know until it becomes too late to change. For this reason, I am strongly against genetic selection. Genetic selection was first tested in 1990, and since then has become more common. PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) is the technique used mostly for genetic selection. First, a cell from the embryo is extracted and then further analyzed. This includes various genetic screening methods, that can detect and diagnose over one-hundred different …show more content…
But is jumping into it faster worth all of the lives we will lose? Science is imperfect, and that is how every technology begins. We could be potentially destroying the natural gene pool, and all that we have evolved to be. Genetic selection is conducted on unknowing children that have no say in the creation of their life (Hanson). If it was unwanted by the child, they will feel as if they are living an artificial life. Loss of individuality caused by genetic selection creates a person who is not truly their parent’s child. Genetic selection allows the parent’s decision to possibly harm other siblings not involved (Hanson). Altering genes will possibly create cruel, unanticipated outcomes that will damage the life of the patient and those
Thesis : Children’s genes should be left untouched unless there is something terribly wrong, such as a sickness or disease.
In today’s advanced world, modern technology has enabled humans to accomplish tasks once thought to be purely science fiction. We live in a world today where everything is instant and custom designed. Who would have ever thought that one day parents would be able to design their children? Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a “process [that] involves taking a 3day old embryo and pulling one of its six cells to test for genetic markers of disease.” (Edmonds0. Although this process is meant to help discover harmful diseases or complications like cancer, the idea of parents using this process to give their children what they consider “ideal traits” co0mes into question. Even though parents have a right to do what they think is best for their children, parents should not be allowed to genetically engineer their children because it can create new social and economic distinctions as well as destroy the idea that everyone is created equal no matter their differences.
Genetic research on human embryos, in correlation with the human genome, is the key to gene therapy, genetic diagnosis, and even to genetically engineered human beings. Knowing which gene controls what trait and causes what genetic disease will arm doctors with a powerful tool to treat their patients at the molecular level. On the other hand, this allows people to possibly manipulate genes to enhance specific traits or create the perfect baby. Genetic research on human embryos has two implications. A practical one in therapeutic research (to detect, and hopefully correct gene flaws), and then the potentiality of allowing parents to decide how their child should look (or in an extreme word, eugenics). The former, which at the present is wishful thinking, will be a reality in the future if the technology becomes feasible.
It was not that long ago that there was an age of no internet or computers. Life around the world has changed dramatically in the past thirty years. Technology has advanced at faster rate than ever before. We now know about many new things including humans including our DNA. It seems as though, the more we learn about the make up of our bodies, the more we are learning how to manipulate them. Do we want to let science take over our natural way of life? Russell Powell of the Journal of Medicine & Philosophy agrees that there is a common worry that humans could be harmed by genetic engineering of humans. The problem, Powell says, could potentially lead to the extinction of human life. By reducing human genetic diversity, we could end up with a biological monoculture that may increase our susceptibility to deadly diseases.
Shortly after the groundbreaking discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, the scientific world was essentially given the ability to alter the genetic sequence of any living organism using a process known as 'genetic engineering'. By definition, genetic engineering is 'the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material', it is quite simply an unnatural process which defies the ordinary course of nature. As of yet, no devastating or permanent damage has been done. However, the unpredictable nature and unknown consequences genetic engineering holds is more than enough reason to be cautious, as one mistake could have irreversible and catastrophic effects.
Although humans have altered the genomes of species for thousands of years through artificial selection and other non-scientific means, the field of genetic engineering as we now know it did not begin until 1944 when DNA was first identified as the carrier of genetic information by Oswald Avery Colin McLeod and Maclyn McCarty (Stem Cell Research). In the following decades two more important discoveries occurred, first the 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA, by Watson and Crick, and next the 1973 discovery by Cohen and Boyer of a recombinant DNA technique which allowed the successful transfer of DNA into another organism. A year later Rudolf Jaenisch created the world’s first transgenic animal by introducing foreign DNA into a mouse embryo, an experiment that would set the stage for modern genetic engineering (Stem Cell Research). The commercialization of genetic engineering began largely in 1976 wh...
In October of 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration held a two-day public meeting to talk about genetic mutation involving the human egg and which changes will be passed on generationally (“Genetically Modified Children”). Human gene mutation has been practiced since 1990, but most of the practices involved non-heritable genes which was called a somatic gene mutation (“Genetically Modified Children”). Somatic gene changes only affect the individual and are not passed on to future generations, and so these somatic gene mutations do not affect the human genome (“Genetically Modified Children”). Genetic mutation changed with the first successful birth of 30 attempted genetically mutated children by 2001 (“Genetically Modified Children”)....
Prenatal genetic screening in particular is a polarizing topic of discussion, more specifically, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). PGD is one of the two techniques commonly used to genetically screen embryos in vitro; it is usually done at the eight-cell stage of division. PGD is most often performed when there is the risk that one or both parents carry disease-causing mutations. It is extensively used by high-risk individuals trying to conceive babes who will be free of particular mutations. PGD can test for over 50 genetic conditions and even allows for sex selection if there are underlying gender-associated medical conditions. When the results are satisfactory, the selected embryo is implanted into the mother’s uterus. While a controversial technique, preimplantation genetic diagnosis is one example of some of the good genetic testing can do, more benefits will be furthe...
Human genetic engineering can provide humanity with the capability to construct “designer babies” as well as cure multiple hereditary diseases. This can be accomplished by changing a human’s genotype to produce a desired phenotype. The outcome could cure both birth defects and hereditary diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Human genetic engineering can also allow mankind to permanently remove a mutated gene through embryo screening, as well as allow parents to choose the desired traits for their children. Negative outcomes of this technology may include the transmission of harmful diseases and the production of genetic mutations.
The wonders of science fiction became reality with modern genetic technology. Genetic editing is a breakthrough in this field of science, allowing scientists to study and alter an organism’s DNA. In addition to such, they found ways to amend the genetic composition of human embryos, giving this discovery the name “designer babies.”. Discovering genetic editing techniques on human embryos sparked controversy all over the world. Despite this debate, , fixing human DNA can lead to a brighter future for the human race and the world.
It is incredible to see how far genetic engineering has come. Humans, plants, and any living organism can now be manipulated. Scientists have found ways to change humans before they are even born. They can remove, add, or alter genes in the human genome. Making things possible that humans (even thirty years ago) would have never imagined. Richard Hayes claims in SuperSize Your Child? that genetic engineering needs to have limitations. That genetic engineering should be used for medical purposes, but not for “genetic modification that could open the door to high-tech eugenic engineering” (188). There is no doubt that genetic engineering can amount to great things, but without limits it could lead the human race into a future that no one today could even imagine.
Advances in the field of genetic engineering could mean progress on an unprecedented scale for all civilizations." -Gail Dutton To others, this new technology borders on the realm of immorality, and is an omen of the danger to come. They are firmly convinced that this human intervention into nature is unethical, and will bring about the destruction of mankind. " the promise of genetic engineering as a tool of medicine is matched only by the threat it would pose to human society and civilization." -Ann E. Weiss Rapid advances in medical science have fuelled the question of bioethics.
The topic I choose for my persuasive speech is about the debate of Nature vs nurture, that been going on for decades arguing between what determines one’s character traits. I believe a person's upbringing (nurture) determines their character, rather than the person being born with it (nature). What is nurture? Nurture refers to human traits one gets from the environment that they grew up in. Has anyone heard of the phrase "fear of the unknown"?
Imagine a world where a person could change his or her genetic structure and redirect the future course of evolution in their child and themselves. Through gene therapy this is a very real possibility. In the future it could be just as easy to change your physical or mental health as it is to get flu shot now. But the affects of gene therapy are long lasting and could affect your future offspring as well as your own health.
There are different ways and reasons why people wish to change the genes in their cells; the two categories split into “somatic and germline genetic engineering”. When a scientist uses “somatic genetic engineering” -the sex cells-- eggs and sperms are not affected; a specific gene code is changed and the genes do not pass down to the next generation. The other genetic engineering used is “germline” which, in contrast to somatic engineering, affects the eggs and sperms. When germline genetic engineering is used, the genes will be passed down to the next generation, affecting the physical and genetic traits. The debate rises and people question people’s free will. Bioethics is the formal and recognized term that describes the advantages and disadvantages that genetic enginee...