Introduction
Following the recent developments in renewable energy sources, wind turbines have been one of the primary devices focussed on. Basically, wind turbines are devices that convert the kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power for human usage. “Wind farms” are created in very windy places to harness this energy.
It is however impossible to harness the entire power potential from the wind. Only 59% of the total kinetic energy of the wind flowing in the turbine can be harnessed. Efficiency greatly depends on the maintenance of the wind turbine and its components.
A variety of tests can be applied to test the material and structures.
In-Depth analysis and NDT tests done.
The lifecycle of wind turbines, the blades are a very important component. The lifespan of equipment due to spinning and exposure to surrounding cause thermal stresses, corrosion, oxidation and erosion. These aspects reduce the lifespan of the wind turbine. The lifespan can vary in usage, due to many unforeseen incidents occurring in the environment of the blades are. Also some type in production or in repair can deteriorate the constituents and in same time curtail the lifespan of the modules.
DYE PENETRANT TEST
Dye penetrant test is the NDT method most often used for inspecting wind turbine blades and vanes. It is recommended to use fluorescent dye penetrants for examination. After some time in overhaul, the blade surface is often corroded. In these circumstances, fluorescent dye penetrant is not endorsed and normal dye penetrant is more practical. The disadvantage of dye penetrant testing is its appropriateness only for surface opening cracks. Subsurface defects cannot be detected. As soon a crack is found, it is not possible to estimate its d...
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...ted systems. Apart for defect depth indication, ET is also likely to provide a better sensitivity and therefore earlier indications for life assessment of uncoated components than inspections based only on surface techniques. Sensor limitations have delayed the parallel developments in UT, but the obstacles do not appear insurmountable.
CONCLUSION
There are a lot of methods available for determining the properties of turbine blades. Some of these methods can be used to complete the information received from the dye penetrant testing. Most of the methods are available in laboratory stage only. But there are some techniques, like eddy current and ultrasonic techniques, which can be utilized in practical inspections on site. The driving force of NDT-evaluation is of course the utilities' need to optimize the plant operation and to minimise the risks of service damage.
It is well known that nowadays wind power is one of the fast developing energy sources of the world. Thats why one of the GE’s Energy business maintain a strong focus on building the wind power facility and delivering the technology in its fields and benefiting the advantages of wind power. GE has over 12,000 wind turbine operating in all around world with the countries like USA, Canada, China and Spain.
There is physics involved in these wind turbines as they change wind into mechanical energy and then into electricity. The energy produced depends on the volume of the air, the density, and the wind speed. The mass per unit time is the mass times the density times the wind speed or m = mass, p = density, A = area, and v = wind speed; m = pAV. Because the function of the wind turbine is to transform the wind’s kinetic energy into electricity the equation for kinetic energy is needed; KE = ½ mv2 or kinetic energy equals one half the mass times the velocity squared. Then, using substitution, the power in the wind depends on the density of the air, area swept out by rotors, and the cube of the velocity or ½ pAV3. Using Betz’ law the theoretical energy model for extracting 59% of the energy is power = 16/27(½ pAV3) .
The windmill’s blades will benefit the most if the blades are at a 10 degree angle because it created the highest voltage at 0.33 volts. The blades were also placed at 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, and 60 degrees in tests part 2. However, all of the angles created volts of 0.21 volts, 0.20 volts, 0.19 volts, 0.14 volts, and 0.16 volts, which is less than 0.33 volts. The windmill will create its highest voltage with 6 blades because it created the highest voltage with 0.27 volts. The blades placed on the hub varied in test part 3. The number of blades varied between 1 blade placed on the hub and 6 blades. One blade, two blades, three blades, four blades, and five blades created volts of 0.01 volts, 0.13 volts, 0.23 volts, 0.25 volts, and 0.15 volts, which is less than 0.27 volts with 6 blades. A mistake that might have affected the lab was the blade angle each trial was placed at because all of the angles might have not been equal. Another mistake that might have affected the lab as well might have been the distance from the hub because the blades were rectangular and long; therefore, it might have slowed down the
Wind turbines, by nature, must be sited in highly visible areas to give them enough space to produce the amount of energy desired. However, many of the sites for wind turbine farms are now located in areas that are ...
The aerofoil of the blade also very significant, the shape of the aerofoil that has been used would affect the result of the wind turbine performance. The CFD analysis result, such as pressure and velocity distribution, flow streamlines and calculation results such as rotational speed, torque, power, lift and drag coefficient , effect of TSP and angle of attack can be done. Regards for the shroud reviews, found that the differences between the bare wind turbine and the augmented shroud wind turbine affect the efficiency of power production
In this lab report, the item that is selected to analyze, is a turbine blade, specifically in the aviation purposes such as a jet engine/gas turbine. This part was picked because it is a crucial part in the field of aviation, and there are many different aspects and techniques that go into producing them. Turbine blades have to deal with extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure gas, high vibration, and high stress, which is why they are usually the limiting factor in a jet engine.
Windmills employ the kinetic energy from the wind and convert it to electrical power. Wind speed, type of rotor, type of generator, noise minimization and load, and control approach are the additional key turbine design considerations. Additionally, current trends, determined by the operating administration and the nature's domain, include improvement of low-cost, megawatt-scale turbines and lightweight turbine outlines. Whereas turbines working at constant rotor speed have been overwhelming up to now, turbines with variable rotor rate are getting to be progressively more normal in an attempt to optimize the vitality capture, bring down the loads, get better power quality, and empower more developed power control characteristics. The first practical windmills were built in Sistan, Iran, from the 7th century.
Steam turbine is most flexible mechanical machines and it can be used to drive even generators. Steam turbine can work at high temperatures. Turbine casing is essentially a pressure vessel which endures the high pressure of steam and supports all the internal components. Important components of steam turbine casings are shells, head, flange, bolts and inlet section. To endure high pressure, thick cylinder walls are essential but, to minimize thermal stress, there should not be rapid change in thickness nor asymmetrical Sections. The casing are either cast, fabricated depending upon operating conditions. The casing material can be iron, carbon steel, carbon moly steel, or chrome moly steel [1]. Since the stream turbine casing is subjected to very high temperature and pressure, casing will undergo fatigue damage. Fatigue is the phenomenon which affects mostly to moving or rotating parts especially in automobiles, reactors etc.
The first process in designing the wind turbine involve the calculation of the various loads expected to act on the blade surface during operating wind conditions which in turn are used to calculate the stresses and deflections. These stresses and deflections are later compared with the design stresses and deflections of the material from which the component is to be made.
Walsh, P. P., & Fletcher, P. (2004). Gas turbine performance (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Each one of us has their own opinion about what wind turbines do and not what they are actually meant for. Wind turbines are meant to be an energy saving method that can be used ...
Steam turbines are very reliable with long operational life. Periodic maintenance is very easy and contains mainly of ensuring that all fluids (steam flowing through the turbine and oil for the bearings) are clean and appropriate temperature with low moisture level. Oil lubrication system needs to operate accurately and clean. In order to avoid corrosion, system needs to be maintained with right feedwater and steam chemistry (ONSITE SYCOM Energy Corporation 2001).
The Wind Turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into kinetic energy of turbines. The turbines turn to generate electricity but they work only when there is wind. The efficiency is 30-40%. The environmental impacts are needs many large turbines to generate electricity which can be noisy and unsightly. Turbines may endanger birds and bats.
As the wind energy industry continues to grow, it will provide many job opportunities for workers and job seekers. These careers will extend beyond just the wind farm. To build and operate a wind turbine, it will take the efforts of many workers. The workers will be in factories and offices. There are construction employees, electricians, engineers, operators, gearbox makers and bla...
The wind is an incredibly valuable renewable energy source and is in the forefront of renewable energy developments. It is used to convert wind energy into energy that can be harnessed and used via a variety of methods, including; wind turbines, windmills, sails and windpumps. For a renewable energy source, however, it is wind turbines that are used to generate electricity (see figure 1). Wind power has been used for this since the end of the nineteenth century, after Professor James Blyth of the Royal College of Science and Technology first attempted it (Boyle, 2012). However, It wasn’t until the 1980s that using wind power technology was sufficient enough to experience a rapid growth of the technology.