Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars using the Genotype by Trait (GT) Biplot Method

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major food crops worldwide and Iran produces about 14 million tons of wheat annually. Effective interpretation of breeding programs data is important at all stages of plant improvement. The genotype by trait (GT) biplot used for two-way wheat dataset as genotypes with multiple traits. For this propose, 13 wheat cultivars with specific characteristics (were tested under organic growing environment. The GT biplot for wheat dataset explained 65% of the total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of GT presented for 18 different traits of wheat genotypes showed six vertex genotypes as G3, G4, G5, G9, G11, and G12. The genotype G4 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. Generally based on vector view, ideal genotype and ideal tester biplots, it was demonstrated that the selection of high grain yield will be performed via thousand seed weight, spike length, and grain diameter. These traits should be considered simultaneously as effective selection criteria evolving high yielding wheat genotypes because of their large contribution to grain yield. The genotypes G3 and G4 could be considered for developing desirable progenies in selection strategy of wheat improvement programs.

INTRODUCTION
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major food crops worldwide which is used to produce different food products and widely consuming cereal of Iran. Iran produces about 14 million tons of wheat annually; with mean yield two tons per hectares, and 90% being bread wheat (FAO, 2012). The area under wheat cultivation in world during 2012 was 216 million hectares; production 675 million tones and average yield 3100 kg ha-1 (USDA, 2012) where as Iran area under this crop was 7 m...

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...E R., 1998: Growth and yield component analysis of durum wheat as an index of selection to terminal moisture stress.- Tropical Agriculture, Guildford, 75, 363–368.
USDA. (2012). World Agricultural Production, Foreign Agricultural Service, Circular Series http://www.fas.usda.gov/.
YAN W., 2001: GGEbiplot–A Windows application for graphical analysis multienvironment trial data and other types of two-way data.- Agronomy Journal 93, 1111–1118.
YAN W., HUNT L.A., SHENG Q., SZLAVNICS Z., 2000: Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on the GGE biplot.- Crop Science, 40:597–605.
YAN W., KANG M S., MA B., WOODS S., CORNELIUS P.L., 2007: GGE biplot vs. AMMI analysis of genotype-by-environment data.- Crop Science, 47, 5: 643–655.
YAN W., RAJCAN I., 2002: Biplot evaluation of test sites and trait relations of soybean in Ontario.- Crop Science, 42, 11–20.

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