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Childhood abuse may be our number one public health issue (Wylie 1). Munchausen By Proxy is a type of child abuse, where the perpetrator is most commonly a parent or guardian of a small child. The parent will purposely neglect and abuse their child to receive attention from doctors and other individuals. This leads us to question, what leads a parent to mistreat their children in the first place?
In several cases the cause of the abuse can be linked to family relationship issues. In the novel Sickened, by Julie Gregory, Gregory recounts her childhood with a mother who was diagnosed with Munchausen By Proxy. She tells the readers that her “mother married at the tender age of nineteen.” Marrying him when she was young caused them to argue with each other and they did not have a genuine relationship. Soon after her first husband’s death it seemed as though she was very desperate to find another husband because she felt isolated and alone, she craved the attention of being in an intimate relationship. Her crave for attention was the fuel for her desire to make Julie sick. A parent is also more likely to mistreat their children if their spouse has very little, or no, input in the family’s activities which leaves it to the abusive parent to control everything. In another situation where family relationships could be an issue, a woman named “Shannon Hudson had been trying to break up with the boys’ [her sons’ abusive] father when he shot her three times. Then shot himself” (Burling A1+). The abuses that lead up to the husband getting angry and frustrated with his wife caused the violent act that was a result of their relationship failure.
“Domestic violence is often not so much physical as emotional or financial – a man with a big ...
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...owing up, they often look to their parents to see how they should act themselves. If their parents act a certain way then those children grow up believing that what their parents do is right. This is the cycle of child abuse. Likewise, we also take into thought that people diagnosed with Munchausen By Proxy are most commonly in financial binds, have uncontrollable anger, have low self-respect for themselves, or have conflicts with their relationships. Researchers have come up with all of these notions that are said to lead to the abuse of children. They procured that the main reason abusive parents are compelled to abuse, is if they were abused by their parents, or close family members. Researchers also believe that the only way to ensure that the cycle is being intercepted is to protect the children before they start developing the same behaviors as their parents.
McCoy, M. L., & Keen, S. M., (2009). Child abuse and neglect. New York: Psychology Press.
Child abuse is usually recognized by a pattern of physical injuries or outward appearance of neglect. From RelayHealth, Munchausen Syndrome by proxy is a mental disorder, causing illness in others, usually children, to get sympathy and attention for the abuser. With the mental disorder of MSBP documented, the behaviors of the abuser and victims should be easy to identify, but it is not. Any parent/guardian entering the emergency room insisting on immediate care for their child would be considered a suspect. According to RelayHealth, dishonesty is a key part of the disorder, and of the abusers: 90% are the mothers. Imagine a mother who is able to manipulate an experienced doctor against his better judgment to perform unnecessary treatments and tests; now th...
...ition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy Through Adolescence. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://www.healthofchildren.com/M/Munchausen-Syndrome.html
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP), or factitious illness by proxy, is the form of child abuse in which a parent (most often the mother) deliberately produces an illness in the child. The perpetrator, by definition, suffers from a serious emotional disorder that impairs judgment. The emotional disorder is not diagnosable; its pathology is culturally invisible and masked by social adaptation (e.g., overreacting to the child's illness and emotional hunger). The offending parent usually has significant medical knowledge, while being naive about human relationships. She or he seeks psychological gain (love, attention, or sanity) through provoking medical illnesses and conflicts. This entity is common and carries substantial morbidity and mortality reported mortality rates range from 10% to 30%.6,7
Munchausen syndrome is an interesting and very peculiar disorder typically involving a parent’s oppressive attitude over their child. Janet and Robert Squires write in their article “A Review of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy” in Pediatric Annals break up the definition of Munchausen into separate components that states that the “child's illness is fictitious or induced by a caregiver, interaction with the health care system results in multiple medical tests and procedures, denial by the caregiver as to the cause of the child's illness, and symptoms abate following separation of the child from the caregiver” (Squires). Munchausen is seen by most clinical and social specialists as a form of child abuse. The parent completely neglects the child and uses them only to feel needed. Munchau...
Child abuse is caused by a parent, for many reasons, and can lead to many kinds of problems for the child. Parents impose child abuse for many reasons such as psychological problems to low self esteem to alcohol or drug abuse.4 Child abuse happens for many different reasons but all the reasons are still child abuse, and are taken seriously. Child abuse can also occur when parents have too high of expectation of their kids which then leads to abuse. "Abusive parents may show disregard for the child's own needs, limited abilities, and feelings."5 Disregarding children's needs can include a neglect ion. Children need parental advice and for parents to fulfill all their needs.
Meadow, Roy (2002). Different interpretations of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26 p. 501-508
“Women have throughout history been the most victimized by someone they knew (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence pg. 1) Most abusers usually start out with emotional abuse because it makes the target emotionally weaker and less likely to fight back. It also probably has the most different ways to inflict abuse. Characteristics of emotional abuse usually consist of putting her down, making her feel bad about herself, name calling, mind games, humiliation, making her feel guilty, and think she’s crazy. A more specific action would be using the children to make her feel guilty about them (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence pg.2). This is usually done by using visitation to harass her and or the children, using the kids to relay messages, and threatening to take them away( National Coalition Against Domestic Violence pg.2 ).Abusers are also known to use things like “coercion and threats”( National Coalition Against Domestic Violence Pg2 ). “Two of the most common threats are to leave them or commit suicide” (National Coalitional Against Domestic Violence pg 2 ). “Most domestic abuse cases are never reported to the authorities (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence pg.1 ).” This is probably due to the fact that most are too ashamed of what is going on and feel that they let it happened or they deserve the horrible ...
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is another mental illness that effects anywhere from 1 in 1 million to 2.8 in 100,000 people. Munchausen syndrome by Proxy is classified as a rare, often misdiagnosed, form of child abuse in which the mother, or caregiver, purposely creates or falsifies an illness related to their child to maintain prolonged contact with health care providers. The DSM-IV gives Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy the label of “factitious disorder by proxy” and the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children labels this disorder as “pediatric condition falsification” (Criddle, 2010).
A far more alarming variant of this disorder, known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, has also been documented. In these cases, the subject fabricates the existence of physical illness in another person, usually the subject's child. The same sorts of behaviors occur - faking or simulating the symptoms of illness, resorting to physical harm in order to induce those symptoms. Even though the parent - the Munchausen sufferer - will always appear to be deeply concerned for the child's welfare, her actions will not infrequently result in the child's being severely deformed or even dying. (2) Both variants of this disorder are highly uncommon.
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy or MSBP is a rare form of child abuse. It consists of a parent fabricating the illness of their child in order to receive medication and attention from medical care professionals. MSBP is one of the biggest overlooked “illnesses” because it is hard to accuse a perpetrator with it. MSBP is hard to diagnose and accuse a person of because medical files are confidential and take some time to allow to be seen by the justice system. It can lead to serious health problems and even death of the child victim involved with the fabrication. The perpetrators of MSBP are accused of having a psychological problem and need immediate intervention, but in some cases, MSBP perpetrators do not necessarily have a psychological problem. Recent studies have shown that parents that fabricate the illness of their child could just be attention seeking or could be caught in a nasty habit that has acquired over time. Perpetrators intentionally fabricate or make up illnesses of their children and act in the role of a care giver. Many perpetrators do not believe they are doing anything wrong to their children, and can even convince themselves that the fabricated illness they made up is real and causing their child to be sick. MSPB is an uncommon form of child abuse, to accuse someone of this is a serious matter and must only be taken seriously with evidence or suspicion that the caregivers of the child are forging the illness.
Abuse may not outwardly begin as a physical action against the victim. “Approximately two-thirds of Americans say it is hard to determine whether someone has been a victim of domestic abuse” (Break The Cycle). The abuser typically starts by attacking the victim mentally and emotionally. Beginning signs that one could be in an abusive relationship is if the suspected abuser shows signs of possessiveness, extreme jealousy, or insecurity over the relationship. More expressive signs of violent behavior would be an explosive temper, unpredictable mood swings, or constantly putting down his/her partner (Break The Cycle). By expressing these characteristics, an abuser will begin to isolate the victim from his/her family and friends. Once he or she has managed to create an attachment between the victim and themselves, the physical violence might begin to take place. After an attack, oftentimes the abuser will excessively apologize to the victim in an attempt to earn back their trust. Victims are often embarrasse...
There is no simple answer as to why domestic violence occurs (McCue 9). Domestic violence can transpire to anyone, yet the problem is over looked (“Abusive Relationships”). This is especially true when the abuse becomes psychological rather than physical (“Abusive Relationships”). When the abuse becomes emotional, it is minimized, but it can leave perdurable scars (“Abusive Relationships”).
The Center of Disease Control and prevention defines child abuse as any act or series of events that results in harm, potential harm or threatens the child’s safety (Webb, 2007). While many people believe that child maltreatment is simply physical many other forms of maltreatment occur; sexual abuse, neglect and abandonment are also common forms of abuse. Domestic Violence is also included in the definition of child maltre...
Abuse can happen to anyone, at any age, at any time. This is repetitive acts of behavior of wanting to maintain power and have control over someone whether it be through childhood, adolescents, or adulthood. This subject is sensitive as it impacts so many different people around the world. The topic of abuse is not just a family matter, it comes in all forms, such as sexual, emotional, and physical. Abuse is accompanied by the long term emotional tolls, especially on children because their brains are still developing and can take abuse harder than others. One question to ask, is how does one overcome abuse? As children and adolescents develop, how do they function emotionally and physically? These traumatic experiences that happen through