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The issue of corporal punishment
The history of the american correctional system
The issue of corporal punishment
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In California, legal executions were authorized under the Criminal Practice Act of 1851. On February 1872, capital punishment was integrated into the California Penal Code. Explaining the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years and the Latin roots of capita and corpus. There are four primary United States constitutional amendments which safeguard inmates’ rights and how these amendments protect prisoners or inmates. The goals of rehabilitation and punishment, as well as probation and parole, and areas as it relate to inmate as well as for the community. Why is it one of the Colorado prisons important to our correctional system? Why are they compared to Pelican bay prison? Is there sentencing alternatives for the offenders?
According to the California Department of Correction and Rehabilitation (CDCR), Capital Punishment is a legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. In addition, throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. The methods of execution include such as practices of crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stakes stabbing, and of course beheading. Today, in most states, capital punishment is typically accomplished by lethal gas or injection, electrocution, hanging or shooting by the military under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. But in California, incarceration is preferred method to punish offenders, according to randomhistory.com.
Corporal Punishment is consequent from a Latin word meaning body. Which meant physical punishment and in the past it was very common. In California, corporal punishment has been implemented instead of capital punis...
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HAWKINS, GORDON; FRASE RICHARD S., BORIS N. MIRONOV, and COLIN BLAKEMORE;SHELIA JENNETT. "Corporal Punishment." Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, 01 Jan. 2002. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
Lambert, Tim. "A History of Corporal Punishment." A History of Corporal Punishment. N.p., 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
"America's Tug of War over Sanctioned Death." The History of Capital Punishment in the United States. N.p., 19 Sept. 2009. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.
Ridgeway, James, and Jean Casella. "America's 10 Worst Prisons: ADX." Mother Jones. N.p., 01 May 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
Atkinson, Grant. "Types of Alternative Sentencing." LegalMatch. N.p., 3 Apr. 2014. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.
Taylor, Michael. "The Last Worst Place / The Isolation at Colorado's ADX Prison Is Brutal beyond Compare. So Are the Inmates." SFGate. N.p., 28 Dec. 1998. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
Dupper, David R. , and Amy E. Montgomery Dingus. "Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools : A Continuing Challenge for School Social Workers." Schools and Children 30.4 (2008): 243-250. Print.
Lappin, H. G., & Greene, J. (2006). Are prisons just? In C. Hanrahan (Ed.), Opposing Viewpoints: America’s prisons (pp. 51-98). Detroit: Bonnie Szumski.
Randa, Laura E. “Society’s Final Solution: A History and Discussion of the Death Penalty.” (1997). Rpt.in History of the Death Penalty. Ed. Michael H. Reggio. University Press of America, Inc., 1997. 1-6 Print.
Capital Punishment in the state of California represents the ideals of justice in no way which can justify the great financial and legal burden required to maintain a system that has not actually put any person to death since 2006. It is somewhat of a mystery why California voters allow the process to continue despite having opportunities on fairly recent ballots to discontinue the practice. The current implementation of capital punishment in the state of California spends large amounts of money on the many legal proceedings and processes, while carrying out so few executions of death row prisoners that some would label California as a “De-facto prohibition” state regarding it's practices of capital punishment. Capital Punishment in California fails miserably to represent justice for anyone, and should be abolished.
Supermax Prisons: Beyond the Rocks. Lanham, MD: American Correctional Facility, 2003. Rpt. in America's Prisons. Ed.
Throughout America’s history, capital punishment, or the death penalty, has been used to punish criminals for murder and other capital crimes. In the early 20th century, numerous people would gather for public executions. The media described these events gruesome and barbaric (“Infobase Learning”). People began to wonder if the capital punishment was really constitutional.
Throughout the history of the United States and including the western world. Corrections have served the country by convicting and sentencing offenders depending on the seriousness of the crime. Along with that today, offenders are either placed in probation, incarcerated or taken to community-based corrections. Even though, corrections have always tried to find ways to deter crime by correcting criminals, the poor economy in our country has been the cause for struggles in the correctional system. Some of the causes of economic issues are the cut of budget, over crowing, lack of programs for people with mental illnesses, and lack of innovation.
“Prison Overcrowding: The Problem.” American Legislative Exchange Council. ALEC-American Legislative Exchange Council, 2013. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
...ed United States. U.S. Government Accounting Office. Capital Punishment. Washington: GPO, 1994 Cheatwood, Derral and Keith Harries. The Geography of Execution: The Capital Punishment Quagmire in America. Rowman, 1996 NAACP Legal Defense Fund . Death Row. New York: Hein, 1996 "Ex-Death Row Inmate Cleared of Charges." USA Today 11 Mar. 1999: 2A "Fatal Flaws: Innocence and the Death Penalty." Amnesty International. 10 Oct. 1999 23 Oct. 1999 Gest, Ted. "House Without a Blue Print." US News and World Report 8 Jul. 1996: 41 Stevens, Michelle. "Unfairness in Life and Death." Chicago Sun-Times 7 Feb. 1999: 23A American Bar Association. The Task Ahead: Reconciling Justice with Politics. 1997 United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Uniform Crime Report. Washington: GPO, 1994 Wickham, DeWayne. "Call for a Death Penalty Moratorium." USA Today 8 Feb. 1999: 17A ILKMURPHY
When describing a physical altercation between two adults, the term is assault and battery. Assault on an individual has more than immediate effects; the effects can last a lifetime in severe cases. In all fifty states, it is a crime to hit, strike or use corporal punishment in any deliberate manner towards any person over the age of eighteen. However, this law does not apply to physical force being used on minors. Spanking, whipping, and paddling are among a few common references to this form of punishment. Physically disciplining children has had many names over the years. No matter which term is used, corporal punishment has a negative impact on every party involved. It is a widely used, socially accepted method of discipline. “Approximately 94% of three and four-year old children have been spanked in the past year (Slade & Winssow 1321). Although spanking is a widespread practice, it is becoming more controversial. The negative effects of spanking greatly outweigh the benefits. Spanking is a socially tolerated view promoting abusive patterns, and has a negative psychological impact in teaching children that pain, fear, and confusion promote conformability.
21 David C. Baldus, et al, "Comparative Review of Death Sentences: An Empirical Study of the Georgia Experience," The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74 (1983): 663-664.
There are wide and divergent opinions on the United States’ Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment. While proponents of capital punishment allege that it can be applied as with the existence of sufficient due process, others contend that human life is irreplaceable and that “every person has the right to have their life respected” (Oppenheim, “Capital Punishment in the United States”). While capital punishment has phased in and out of the United States’ criminal justice system in the past few decades, current trends seem to fall out of favor with the death penalty. As Snell indicates, by yearend of 2011, there were 3,082 inmates held across 35 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons under the death sentence, where 9 states executed 43 inmates in both 2011 and 2012 (“Capital Punishment, 2011 – Statistical Tables”). In order to gain a deeper understanding and enhanced projection of the death penalty development, it is prudent to first examining historical accounts of cases that have been decided in favor or against the capital punishment in the United States.
Wilson, Rick. "The Growing Problems of the Prison System." American Friends Service Committee. American Friends Service Committee, 27 Nov. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. .
Reading, Richard. "Speak softly - and forget the stick: corporal punishment and physical abuse." Child: care, health and development (2009): 286-287. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 April 2011.
Pasquerella, Lynn. “The Death Penalty in the United States.” The Study Circle Resource Center of Topsfield Foundation. July 1991. Topsfield Foundation. 03 Feb 2011. Web.