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the impact of cyber warfare in the united states
how is the united states vulnerable to cyber terrorism
is risk communication part of risk management
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What is an insider threat? Insider threat has been defined as a malicious hacker who is an employee of office of a business, institution or agency. There can also be outsider threats by a person who poses as an officer or employee by gaining access to false credentials. An insider threat can also go by the term of a cracker or a black hat. Insider threats have damaged the United States for a long time. Today the threat is much easier to pull off due to the fact that we have newer technologies; such as how easy it is to transmit information over the internet and many people wanting to get their hand on specific materials that only the insiders have access too. Why do people become insider threats? Many of them become insider threats because they need money and it just comes as easy money to them. Not to mention it is hard to track down and find out who sold the sensitive information because of having so many employees who have access to the same sensitive information. Sometimes the information that the insiders sell leads to acts of terror that can be detrimental to our society.
Cyber terrorism is the politically motivated use of computers and information technology to cause serious destruction and chaos or spread fear in a society. Cyber terrorist have been acknowledged by the fact that they can do a digital Pearl Harbor through the use of computers and internet technologies. They use many different electronic technologies and have many targets, but they do not leave their information up for extended periods of time so it makes it harder to track where and who the information is coming from. The longer that they leave up the information the higher chance they have of being caught. Cyber terrorist use a completely different schem...
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Risk communication is a primary tool for achieving understanding and cooperation from the public. Communication along with risk perception and behavior are a must for us to have an effective national security system. Risk communication can and is often used to reduce anxiety and panic in times of crisis to manage the awareness, in order to maintain commitment or to raise awareness when engagement is low (Akhgar, 2013). If the public paid more attention to effective risk communication our capability to respond, prepare and recover would be significant. The way that government communicates with the public has a big impact on the way that risk is perceived and the public’s behavior if there is effective communication. Communications are strongly and constantly mediated by the levels of public trust that is gained by the effective risk communications.
At this juncture, it may be somewhat difficult to accept the proposition that a threat to the telecommunications grid, both wired and wireless, in the United States could potentially be subject to a catastrophic cyber attack. After careful research on the subject, it appears the potentiality of an event of such magnitude, which either disrupts one or the other grids for a long period or destroys either, is both theoretically and realistically impossible. It may be that proponents—those who advance such theories—equate such “doomsday” scenarios as if a cyber attack would or could be of the same magnitude as a conventional or nuclear military strike. Terms such as “cyber Pearl Harbor,” “cyber 9/11” and “cyber Vietnam” have been used to describes potential catastrophic cyber attacks and yet, “Though many have posited notions on what a ‘real’ cyber war would be like, we lack the understanding of how such conflicts will be conducted and evolve.” (Rattray & Healey, 2010, p. 77). Yet, the U.S. government continues to focus on such events, as if the plausibility of small-scale cyber attacks were not as pressing.
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J., & Holt, T. J. (2011). Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
As indicated by the Code of Federal Regulations terrorism is the unlawful utilization of power and roughness against persons or property to threaten or pressure an administration, the nonmilitary personnel populace, or any fragment thereof, in facilitation of political or social targets. (Code of Federal Regulations Title 28 Section 0.85 Set. (2007). Government Inst.) This idea is genuinely simple to handle and most American's have a comprehension of what terrorism is. Be that as it may, when discussing cyber terrorism, there is by all accounts some perplexity as to its
In the article, Thomas Rid’s main argument other than the contention that cyber war will not happen is that cyber war is completely misplaced if not entirely misunderstood. He argues that the concept of cyber war is not in tandem with the historical definition and understanding of what constitutes ‘’war’’. Rid’s definition of war, borrowed from Carl von Clausewitz, is that war must constitute three elements: violence, instrumental and political. (Rid, Cyber War Will Not Take Place, 2012) Therefore, his main argument against the possibility for cyber war is premised on the idea that cyber war can never have or express the above three elements. He further argues that at best, cyber war can achieve some of the above criteria such as violence but only through intermediaries; however, he does not see how cyber war can meet all the three criteria.
Terrorism represents a continuing threat to the United States. It is the most significant threat to our national security. Terrorist attacks have definitely left many concerns about the possibilities of future incidents of terrorism in the United States. Since the events of September 11, 2011, Americans and much of the world are afraid. Americans are at war with terrorism and no longer feel comfortable. A part of this unease feeling has to do with cyber terrorism.
Petallides, C. J. (2012). "Cyber Terrorism and IR Theory: Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism in the New Security Threat." Student Pulse, Vol 4, No 3 Accessed online http://www.studentpulse.com/a?id=627> on 12/03/14
To begin with, cyber security is described as the body of technologies, processes and practices designed to protect networks, computers, programs and data from attack, damage or unauthorized access (Lewis, 2002). In a foreign policy brief, the White House described the importance of combatting cyber security. They said: Cyberspace touches nearly every part of our daily lives. It's the broadband networks beneath us and the wireless signals around us, the local networks in our schools and hospitals and businesses, and the massive grids that power our nation. It's the classified military and intelligence networks that keep us safe, and the World Wide Web that has made us more interconnected than at any time in human history. We must ...
Throughout the years most country's governments have established some sort of secret police. No matter what the government called it, whether it is the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or her Majesty's secret service (MI6), whatever name the government used, the international term of "secret police" could always be applied. Many agencies of secret police have had their success and failures, some more than others. The KGB, which in English means "the Committee of Public Safety," has had their share of both successes and failures. Most secret police agencies have been used primarily to obtain information from other countries. This was also a primary goal for the KGB, but one of their other goals, which was just as important, was to keep unwanted outside information from the Russian people. This was only one out of many the KGB's objectives. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to prove that the actions of the KGB were, all in all, a success.
Using principles of risk management can help policymakers reach informed decisions regarding the best ways to prioritize investments in security programs so that these investments target the areas of greatest need. (!) The DHS had to establish a risk management framework to help the department target its investments in security programs and disaster recovery based on risk. For DHS to have an effective way of conducting risk management, they had to develop a means for every agency to conduct risk management. DHS created the Risk Steering Committee who vision was to enable individual elements, groups of elements, or the entire homeland security enterprise to simultaneously and effectively assess, analyze, and manage risk from multiple perspectives across the homeland security mission space (National Research Council, 2010). One of their first tasking they took on to get the department on the same page was to establish a common vocabulary in dealing with risk management. The DHS Risk Steering Committee developed the Risk Lexicon, which made a common, unambiguous set of official terms and definitions to ease and improve the communication of risk-related issues for DHS (National Research Council, 2010). It facilitates consistency and uniformity in the usage of reporting risk-related information for the department and allots the Risk Steering Committee to set the priorities by evaluating the
Col. Randy Larson, renown author and Director of the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Center, speaks on an in-depth prospective of the field of homeland security and factors that drive the continued efforts to address future threats to the nation for the 21 century. The area of focus presented in the interview are the various ways an individual may enter the field but are not limited to a particular area of study. For example, health care, agriculture, or political science, there is essential no set track for finding a career in homeland security. Challenges surrounding area of homeland security are the mounting financial burdens and the need for the appointment of leadership at a national executive level to address this realistic future threat. Despite these concerns, evidence suggests quality system practices can assist in guiding theses area and the adoption of tools that support quality improvement when addressing homeland security and future concerns.
Since the beginning of time, mankind has waged war against each other. Over the years warfare has evolved, from fighting with sticks and stones to using gunpowder and launching missiles. The newest, and possibly most destructive, type of warfare is cyber warfare. Cyber warfare has the possibility to be more devastating than nuclear warfare.
Society has become ever-increasingly dependent upon technology, more specifically, computers to conduct personal and business transactions and communications. Consequently, criminals have targeted these systems to conduct information and cyber warfare, which can include politically motivated attacks and to profit through ill-gotten means. In an article written by Koblentz and Mazanec (2013), cyber warfare is the act of disabling an enemy’s ability to use or obtain information, degrade its ability to make decisions, and to command its military forces. Additionally, information warfare is composed of cyber warfare and related to the protection, disruption, destruction, denial, or manipulation of information in order to gain a benefit through the technologies (Taddeo, 2012). Accordingly, as technology becomes readily available to various entities, the ability to conduct or perform warfare through technological means is multiplying.
Taylor, R.W., Caeti, T.J., Loper, D.K., Fritsch, E.J. & Liederbach, J., 2006, Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism, 1st Edition, New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
Different authors have reviewed the cyber terrorism from different angles. Most of them have focused on the aims and objectives which terrorist wants to accomplish through cyber warfare. Moreover they have stressed over the need to the measures taken to combat cyber-attacks by terrorists.
Educating the public and getting them to take preparatory actions to better protect themselves in the face of natural hazards has led to extensive study of risk communication by social scientists and disaster researchers over the past half-century (Quarantelli, 1991). Lindell et al (2006) describe the reason for risk communication as “to initiate and direct protective action” relative to a hazardous threat (Lindell et al, 2006, p. 84). Better understanding of why people take protective actions has led to better risk communication directed at preparedness measures. Research has identified key ingredients regarding the effectiveness of risk communication messages as well as conditions conducive to adoption of improved preparedness practices.