What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Area Approaches to Tackling Poverty and Deprivation?

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of area approaches to tackling poverty and deprivation?

By Lauren Wright, word limit 25000 words

Poverty and deprivation remains a vast problem in the United Kingdom, charity Oxfam (2013) reveals that 1 in 5 households are living under the poverty line making daily life a struggle. The UK government has implemented area-based approaches in order to tackle poverty and deprivation since the 1960s, these initiatives target geographical areas that experience high levels of poverty and deprivation. These methods have always provoked diverse reactions with differences in opinions of the pros and cons they display to communities, individuals and society as a whole and whether it is an effective approach.

Poverty is defined in a number of ways, usually the approach used is relative income poverty, where a household income is compared to the median income and those families that receive less than 60% of the median income are classified to living in poverty (Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2014). Deprivation however is a broader notion than poverty and refers to not only a lack of financial resources, but access to services and a lack of opportunities.

Area-based targeting in regeneration and social policy has been used by governments since the 1960s. The 1967 Plowden Report, written by Bridget Plowden was the initiative report in history that believed that children were the chief beneficiary of the new proposals within the report (Watson 2013). The primary recommendation of the report was the proposal to set up Educational Priority Areas, Plowden proposed for resources to be increased to the 2 per cent most deprived areas and their schools, building up to a further 10 percent over 5 years. A number...

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... April)

Skelcher, C (2000), Changing images of the state: overloaded, hollowed-out, congested. Public Policy and Administration 15:3-19

Sure Start (2002) Getting Sure Start Started: National Evaluation of Sure Start (NESS). London: Sure Start

Thomson, H (2007), A dose of realism for healthy urban policy: lessons from area-based initiatives in the UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 62:932–936

University of Hull (2011), Impact of Social Science on Policy: Sre Start Case Study. Hull:The University of Hull

Watson, R (2013), Landmark in EducationL Bridget Plowden's Report on CHILDREN and their PRIMARY SCHOOLS, 1967. https://research.ncl.ac.uk/expeditionresearchscholarships/postergalleries/Rebecca%20Watson.pdf (Accessed 6th April)

Whitfield, D (2000), Third Way for Education: privatisation and marketization, Forum:for Promoting 3-19 Comprehensive Education 42:5-82

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