History
Bruce Schneier was the first person to remark about attack trees which can be found in papers and articles in 1999. Some of the early papers which were open to public also shows the participation of NASA in evolution of attack trees. NASA called it Fault tree analysis. Now it has become one of the most reliable probabilistic assessment technique based on logic techniques and probability techniques. These techniques originated in 1960 in US missile facilities.
“In the year 1981 the US NRC issued the Fault tree handbook”. [3]
Attack Trees
Attack trees are visual representations of security loopholes. They are models representing of security loopholes. They are model representing the likelihood of dangers by using the branch model. From the branch model we can also estimate prevention from the threats. These attacks attack trees have wide applications in various fields. The IT & security advisors use these attack trees among other prevention techniques for finding loopholes in the model and correcting them.
All possible attack paths are devised from the model by the security analysts. The attack tree method are most commonly implemented in area of computer security but can be implemented in field of cyber security, but can be implemented in other fields too.
The main purpose of attack, like retrieving classified documents or robbing cash, is the basis of attack tree. Every node or branch of the attack tree is representing various methods for achieving that purpose, and these nodes are subdivided into more options for implementing these methods.
As we have a visual chart of possible loopholes in a structure it is possible to assign codes of various hardship levels to various objects on the representations. It also helps the e...
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...ich are difficult to make exactly.
Attack trees don't take into account the secondary aspects. Like in some cases it may be enough to snap an attacker instead of averting the intrusion.
“Attack trees must indeed be intrusion directed cyclic graphs”. [4]
It might be tough to split up an attack into separate steps.
Attack trees never take into account the fact that any person on the whole globe can begin a remote intrusion over Internet, but limited number of persons can really crack into the system physically.
Attack trees are certainly constructed to assess a targeted intrusion. Almost all the computer intrusions are not targeted.
Conclusion:
The attacks highlight the shortcomings in the system, trace them and correct the problem. Almost all major IT firms, defense systems and Cyber related organizations imply these methods in their security prevention mechanisms.
and their use. In Committee on Deterring Cyber attacks: Informing Strategies and Developing Options (Ed.), Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyber attacks: Informing Strategies and Developing Options for U.S. Policy. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
What else is important is developing a strategy. This will help identify the KPI’s and also structure an attack plan to eventually address any issues. (D. Wong; 2011)
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
Despite investing one of top security system, and spend money to boost up their defense mechanism to meet industry standard, hackers still able to find the holes of the Target system. Target seem to run into a costly mistake in this cases. However, I believe, this mistake could be happened upon anyone, what we learn to prevent it in the future is more important. I believe, as a security standpoint, we have to look at it from multiple angles and not rely on only one defense mechanism. To succeed again the hackers, educating the workforce and assessing the human factors in not only technical but also strategy and risk management must be ensured for companies to guarding against any future attacks.
Current intrusion detection systems focus on system vulnerability, and therefore determine immediate threats and not strategic patterns. The cyberthreat environment requires strategic-level analysis of the broader threat, including emerging tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). For strategic-level data collection, vulnerability-focused systems are
The task of analyzing the attack in terms of its technical dimensions can also be
Rest assured that there are many other cyber crime attack methods that can be employed but, this paper will specifically a...
In 1980, James Anderson’s paper, Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance, bore the notion of intrusion detection. Through government funding and serious corporate interest allowed for intrusion detection systems(IDS) to develope into their current state. So what exactly is IDS? An IDS is used to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage through attack signatures. The IDS watches for attacks not only from incoming internet traffic but also for attacks that originate in the system. When a potential attack is detected the IDS logs the information and sends an alert to the console. How the alert is detected and handled at is dependent on the type of IDS in place. Through this paper we will discuss the different types of IDS and how they detect and handle the alerts, the difference between a passive and a reactive system and some general IDS intrusion invasion techniques.
...at proposed a new Worm Interaction Model which is based upon and extending beyond the epidemic model focusing on random-scan worm interactions. It proposes a new set of metrics to quantify effectiveness of one worm terminating other worm and validate worm interaction model using simulations. This paper also provides the first work to characterize and investigate worm interactions of random-scan worms in multi-hop networks (Tanachaiwiwa and Helmy, 2007). For the best possible solution against cyber attack, researchers use Mathematical modeling as a tool to understand and identify the problems of cyber war (Chilachava and Kereselidze, 2009). Such kind of modeling is supposed to help in better understanding of the problem, but to allow such models to be practically workable, it is extremely important to provide a quantitative interface to the problem through the model.
threats and the defense mechanisms highlighted the importance of Informatics in shielding the technical systems.
Cyber attacks on SCADA system can take routes through Internet connections, business or enterprise network connec- tions and or connections to other networks, to the layer of control networks then down the level of field
In the past few years, cyber-attacks have grown dramatically and it is up to Information security analysts to come up with solutions to prevent hackers from stealing vital information making issues for computer networks. Information security analyst’s main priority is to protect a company’s computer system from getting attacked by hackers. It takes a couple of things to become an ISA, but it’s a well worth and well-paying job.
A risk aware response mechanism [20] is used for mitigating the routing attacks in MANET. The extended Dempster-Shafer theory evidence model of notion with importance factors and dempster rule of combination is non-associative and weighted is used to combine the multiple data from the observational node. An adaptive decision making considers both attacks and countermeasures. The response mechanism has local routing table recovery and global routing recovery.
There are number of different models proposed as framework for information security but one of the best model is McCumber model which was designed by John McCumber. In this model the elements to be studied are organized in a cube structure, in which each axis indicates a dissimilar viewpoint of some information security issue and there are three major modules in each axis. This model with 27 little cubes all organized together looks similar like a Rubik's cube. There are three axes in the cube they are: goals desired, Information states, and measures to be taken. At the intersection of three axes you can research on all angles of an information security problem.
Without proper protection, any part of any network can be susceptible to attacks or unauthorized activity. Routers, switches, and hosts can all be violated by professional hackers, company competitors. In fact, according to several studies, more than half of all network attacks are waged internally. To determine the best ways to protect against attacks, we should understand the many types of attacks that can be instigated and the damage that these attacks can cause to data. The most common types of attacks include Denial of Service (DoS), password, an...