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conditions of modern war
analysis of the wars
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Introduction The beginning of the 21st century was hailed with jubilations and festivities all over the world as the commencement of a new age of peace and stability, but only after a year the entire world witnessed an unprecedented and drastic change in this previously drafted mandate of peace being buried under the debris of the dead bodies of people who died in the tragic incident of the World Trade Centre. With the fall of the twin towers the whole world was coercively pushed into a state of a war that was waged against terrorism. Previously, in the 20th century two world wars had resulted in the loss of billions of human lives and had also proved that war where on one hand manifested the failure of effective diplomacy, on the other hand cemented the fact that misperceptions and miscalculations constitute an integral part behind any war that takes place. The question has become extremely significant especially in contemporary situation where the entire world is engulfed by a thick cloud of terror and trepidation that has actually blinded all of us as to where we are eventually going to end up. Another reason that contributes to the importance of this issue is that it’s time to realize self-aggravate ourselves about the issue that in the wake of eliminating terror we have actually explored and fueled greater venues for its effective and enforcing proliferation on multitude scales. In such topics it is always better to streamline the various aspects that we will deal with. It is important that we have a look at the policy conflicts that occur between states which results in the happening of war. It is also important to shed light on the various methodologies and schools of thought and the ways they look at the issue and fin... ... middle of paper ... ...Cashman, Greg 2000 ‘What Causes War: an introduction to theories of international conflict Lexington Books Snyder, Jack, 1984 ‘The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914’ Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, Stam, Allan C. 1996 ‘Win, Lose, or Draw: Domestic Politics and the Crucible of War’ University of Michigan Press Van Evera, Stephen, 1996 ‘Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict’ Ithaca, NY: Cornell Copeland, Fischer 2001 ‘The Origins of Major War’ Cornell University Press Pollack, Kenneth M., 2002 ‘The Threatening Storm: The Case for Invading Iraq’ Random House Sagan, Scott D., 1988 "The Origins of the Pacific War," The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 18, No. 4 Ienaga, Saburo, 1978 ‘The Pacific War, 1931-1945: A Critical Perspective on Japan’s Role in World War II’ New York: Pantheon Books,
The author of The Pacific War is Saburo Ienaga, is a leading Japanese scholar and political activist. Within the Note, located at the beginning of the book, is a brief overview of Ienaga’s career written by Frank Baldwin. The
Modell, John, and Timothy Haggerty. "The Social Impact of War." Annual Review of Sociology 17 (1991): 205-24. Print.
Morison, Samuel, E. (1960). Victory in the pacific, 1945 – history of the united states naval operations in world war ii. (Vol. 14, p. 389). Boston: Little Brown.
Kagan, Donald. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday, 1995.
Stahl, David C. "The burdens of survival: Õoka Shõhei's writings on the Pacific War." United States: University of Hawii Press, 2003. 96-145.
Holsti, K. J. Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. Print.
Levy, Jack S., and William R. Thompson. Causes of War. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print.
Throughout the 20th Century, the world was engulfed in global conflicts, engaging in one war after the next. When looking at these different conflicts, interconnected themes and issues seemed to lead to the later conflicts. The first of the conflicts to affect the globe was the Great War. Since the Great War, numerous conflicts have followed including World War II, The Cold War, and eventually the War on Terror. These wars share similar goals and themes of gaining power and prestige, seeking revenge, and fighting ideologies. Each of these conflicts results in events that eventually lead to the next conflict, creating near constant warfare around the globe. The effects and fears created by these conflicts can still be seen today as we fight
War is a universal phenomenon, it is a violent tool people use to accomplish their interests. It is not autonomous, rather policy always determines its character. Normally it starts when diplomacy fails to reach a peaceful end. War is not an end rather than a mean to reach the end, however, it does not end, and it only rests in preparation for better conditions. It is a simple and dynamic act with difficult and unstable factors which make it unpredictable and complex. It is a resistant environment where the simplest act is difficult to perform. In this paper, I will argue why war is a universal phenomenon and what are the implications of my argument to strategists.
Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
The terrorist attacks of September 11 led to a lot of pressure from the public to find those responsible and bring them to “justice”. In order to do so, President Bush declared a war on terrorism just a few days after the attacks, but little did he know that this very decision would also bring devastating consequences to many countries. Over time, people have been losing faith in the war and in its purpose. Consequently, countries whose economies have fallen under the Military Industrial Complex have manufactured a societal fear against Muslims and jihadists. As a result, they are now being stigmatized and portrayed as the enemies of democracy, and of the United States in particular. To make matter worse, it has driven western countries to implement many extreme security measures that undermine the democratic principles they are attempting to spread over the world. The war on terrorism has had many negative consequences on modern society, which include a legitimization crisis of democracy, mainly in the U.S, and the manufacturing of moral panics over security risks that have led to the criminalization and stigmatization of the Arab world.
Pilisuk, Marc. “[CN]Chapter 5: [CN] Networks of Power.” Who Benefits from Global Violence and War: Uncovering a Destructive System. With Jennifer Achord Rountree. Westport: Praeger Security International, an imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. Print.
Seton-Watson, H. (1960), Neither War nor Peace: The Struggle for Power in the Post-War World. Southampton: Camelot Press Ltd.
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
Causes of conflicts: Why wars happen. The Economist, 16 Dec. 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. .