Children begin elementary school around the age of five years old. Erik Erikson has developed a theory broken down into several different stages representing different stages of a persons life, and one of his stages is directly associated with the age of children who enter the school scene for the first time. This stage is commonly referred to as Industry Vs. Inferiority. Research has proven that this stage in children’s lives is a critical stage that will determine how they look at themselves and others for many years to come. Erikson’s fourth stage of personality development, Industry Vs. Inferiority, can be defined as the stage in which a child determines their self worth and skills. As the stage refers to “industry,” this is the ultimate goal of every educator. If the students become students of industry, they have a sense of mastery in the school setting, and thus, are usually the more confident (Erikson, 1980, 1976). The students will find their skills and value through their interactions and relationships with other students, but as the stage refers to “inferiority,” this is the fear of every educator; students will view themselves as less valuable than other students in their classes (Bailey, 1976). It is important that educators at every level, elementary, middle, and secondary, understand that this is crucial stage in determining how each person views themselves and others later in life. According to Jones, Burks, and Jones (1936) there are many different ways that a classroom can strengthen or hinder a students self worth; for example, relationships between students, class activities, interests, and personalities. Research has shown that many young children in school prefer friendships with peers of the same s... ... middle of paper ... ...g learners, or if they will decide they are inferior to their peers and not reach their full potential. Works Cited Bailey, S. (1976). The several ages of learning. Change 8(4). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ Jones, M.C., Burks, B.S., & Jones, H.E. (1936) Personality development in childhood: A survey of problems, methods, and experimental findings. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 1(4). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ A Quote by Albert Einstein. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/101458-everybody-is-a-genius-but-if-you-judge-a-fish Erikson, E. H. (1980). Identity and the life cycle (Vol. 1). WW Norton & Company. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=lRJRXvx64ZgC&oi=fnd& pg=PA7& dq=identity+and+the+life+cycle&ots=ScTRgbT6uN&sig=wqF_Zh1YZ4u-nqH7FpeL7bKJNxw#v=onepage&q=school%20age&f=false
Claireece Precious Jones is currently experiencing the adolescent stage of her development and is transitioning into adulthood. Her experience as a teenage mother, growing up in poverty, and history of abuse all have implications for the development of her identity, cognitive functioning, and biological factors. We will focus on Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage for Adolescents to gage the evolution of Precious’s growth, while addressing the person in environmental theory that also attributes to the biopsychosocial context in which a young person develops.
There are many things that can alter the personality of an individual; some of these are voluntarily inflicted, while others are uncontrollable. Among the uncontrollable altercations, birth order is perhaps the largest influence on a person's disposition. Personality is influenced by the "place" a person has in their family as well as the family situation. It is important whether an individual is an only child, first born, second born, third born, a boy among girls, or a girl among boys, and so on.
In matter of relationships, I have only few friends; I tend to be very selective in the circle in which I move, and I do not welcome all types of people into my world. According to Erik Erikson theory of personality, I have been significantly influenced by the stage four: industry vs. inferiority. According to this theory, these behaviors might have an explanation that goes back from my childhood. Erikson points out that at stage four, children need to be reinforced positively for activities at school, in sports, or artistic fields in order to cultivate a high self-concept and a meaning of industriousness. If the child 's efforts are perceived as inadequate, feelings of social and mental inferiority can move stealthily into adulthood, (Maitland,
Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that occur through life. These stages help parents of younger children understand what the child is thinking and why they are acting the way that they do. For a person to become a well-rounded adult they need to succeed in each level. This essay will discuss the first six stages into young adulthood.
Erikson believes a person’s personality changes throughout their lifespan and primarily focuses on ego. Furthermore, ego is a person’s sense of self-importance or self- acceptance. This is a major factor when discussing personality because how we perceive ourselves, reflects onto others. Erikson’s eight stages of psychological development consist of infancy, early childhood, preschool, middle school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age and old age. He indicates that during each stage of life a person experiences a psychological crisis, which could aid in a negative or positive result. During the infancy stage, the psychological crisis is trust vs. mistrust, meaning total dependence on the mother or father. If either or both parents show love and attention, then the child will develop trust, or otherwise mistrust if neglected. Early childhood, around the ages two to three years old a child becomes more mobile and shows signs of independence. The caregivers will either assist the child in all their needs or wait patiently as they figure them out on their own. Erikson distinguishes the importance of allowing children to face their own challenges with the tolerance of failure. This will provide the willingness to push through hard times and overcome adversity. Stage 3, initiative vs. guilt describes the interaction between other children and their ability to make decisions. A child will initiate activity with others continuously when he or she feels secure. Nevertheless, when children are told ‘no’ they react with feelings of guilt. The fourth stage of Erikson’s theory begins to explain inferiority. In this stage, a student will be introduced to teachers who become a major part of a child’s psychological development. With encouragement, children will feel confident in themselves, whereas negative reinforcement may cause self-doubt. Identity vs.
Erik Erikson introduced us to eight stages of development that happens over a person’s lifespan. At each stage, there is a developmental task with a crisis that will need to be resolved to successfully go through that stage development. During these tasks, vulnerability is increased and there is enhanced potential. If the task is handled successfully, then we can see healthy development occurring. This idea of people going through different stages helps to explain why people develop differently and how one develops during childhood can directly affect how they will be and/or act during later years in life. This paper will examine my personal
Thus, all infants at this particular stage get involved or attempt to involve themselves with learning all about the new environment around them. This preliminary stage has a solid bond with environmental stimuli. The various situations/things that infants experience during this time has a powerful influence on his/her growth, both mental and physical, which carries out throughout his/her entire life.
Stage 4 of Erickson's theory of personality development lasts from age 6 to the beginning of adolescence. The main theme of this stage is industry versus inferiority. Here is where the child learns to function ...
When your child was a baby and used to cry excessively, do you believe that you knew why your child was crying for at the moment? Yes, I always knew what she was crying for.
Erikson stated that the development of children between 5 to 12 years old mostly happen in school and they are using social interaction frequently. School is the place to train children to adapt to society and master their knowledge and skills which is necessary for life in the future. So children in this stage are trying their best to strengthen their muscle, sensory and physical skills in order to overcome all the challenges form the society. Children in this stage realise that they need to have some result in this society, they work very hard to get the distinction in their result, but they are also worry that they will fail. In this stage, if they get encourage for their hardworking, specially from parent, teacher, peers or neighbour, they will feel industrious, competence and belief in their skills. If they get too much negative feedback, they start to feel inferior and lose
Children in this stage divert more of their time and energy towards knowledge and education. Teachers, parents, and peers alike are all big influencers at this stage. In my first year of elementary school, I faced the task of making new friends as well as adapting to a new curriculum, having transferred from a Montessori school. Excelling in many subjects, I was placed in a few higher-level classes. These classes were my favorite part of the day and I had an amazing teacher who taught in engaging and creative ways. Many of us in those classes became close friends and felt special for being a part of it all. At the start of fifth grade, however, there was a teacher change and all that shifted. This new teacher didn’t meet my enthusiasm for class, and with a lack of support and understanding my grades began to drop, especially in math. Upon seeing my report card, I cried and decided I wasn’t smart enough to be in higher-level classes anymore. When I told my parents about my failure, their reactions differed significantly. One parent told me they weren’t disappointed as long as I tried my hardest and not to be too hard on myself. Conversely, the other parent wasn’t pleased and wasted no time comparing my abilities to those of my older sisters. Moving on to my first year of middle school, I had the opportunity to take a test that would bump me up to advanced math again, but
The fourth stage of development occurs between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. As children enter elementary school, their social circle expands to include their teachers and peers. Children also begin to form their own identities independent of family members. In elementary school, the desire to excel academically as well as socially plays an important role in building the self-confidence of a child. Children strive to achieve goals while seeking approval from family members, teachers and peers. If children fail to succeed academically or fit in with their
The Big Five Approach has played a major role in the process of understanding and analyzing a child’s outcome as well as any adjustment issues that may occur during a child’s development. Along with these accomplishments, the Big Five approach has proven to be able to cover children, adolescents, and adults under one spectrum (Van den Akker et al., 2013). The article, “The development of personality extremity from childhood to adolescence: relations to internalizing and externalizing problems” provides an intense amount information on personality theories and goes into depth about how about how personalities develop and how to distinguish between them as well. This study not only incorporated the study of personality
Erikson was a developmental psychologist and he was very well known at the time of his psychosocial development among human beings. Erikson developed eight stages that show growth across a lifespan in every human being. Each of the stages that Erickson developed, build on one another and after every successful stage the outcome is called “virtue”. Erikson believed that difficulty on one stage can have a result later on in life. There is one main contradiction between Erikson and Freud which is Freud was an ID psychologist, Erikson was an ego psychologist. He emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, whereas Freud accentuate the conflict between the ID and the superego. (McLeod, S. A. (2013). Erik Erikson) The eight psychosocial development stages that Erikson developed are; trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame/doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair.
Children in middle childhood are growing psychosocially at a quick rate. During middle childhood they become industrious, develop a self-concept, and learn how to be friends, amongst other things. In Erickson’s Stages of Development, a child in middle childhood (or children from age six to age eleven) moves through the industry versus inferiority stage. This stage is marked by the child working to gain new skills and in general just being productive (Click P. M., Parker J., 2002, p. 89). A child who is successful in their attempts will gain confidence in themselves and move on into adolescence firmly on the industrious side.