Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse and Forster's Howards End

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In both Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse and Forster's Howards End, most of the characters are devoid of any social conscience until circumstances beyond their control force them to realize that being morally responsible to one another is the key to happiness. Only when this connection is made can each person realize their true potential for personal growth.
First, in To the Lighthouse, Mr. Ramsey is constantly portrayed as a self-absorbed man who thinks of what he could have been and how people perceive him. Mr. Bankes thinks about Mr. Ramsay, “Could one help noticing that habits grew on him? Eccentricities, weaknesses perhaps? It was astonishing that a man of his intellect could stoop so low as he did- but that was too harsh a phrase- could depend so much as he did upon people's praise” (26). Mr. Ramsay also wonders to himself if his contributions to society have made any difference. Despite being an intelligent man, he feels that others do not appreciate the sacrifices that he has made or his work.
Secondly, as for the Ramsay children, Mr. Ramsay gives them pet names of his own depending on what he sees as their best qualities. This pidgeon holes his children in his mind and creates a mold that is tough for them to break out of. “He called them privately after the Kings and Queens of England; Cam the Wicked, James the Ruthless, Andrew the Just, Prue the Fair—for Prue would have beauty, he thought, how could she help it?—and Andrew brains” (26). By setting his children on pedestals and comparing them to royalty, Mr. Ramsay builds a wall between his children and the rest of society. While these pet names provide Mr. Ramsay some comfort, they distance his children from him as they see his naming them as a means of defining...

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... when Mrs. Wilcox, Jacky and Leonard Bast die, the Munts and Wilcox familes decide that raising Leonard and Helen's son together in honor of their memories, isn't such a bad thing after all. They throw away their stereotypes of one another and decide to live out their lives in peace.
In conclusion, in both novels, it took tragedy and near tragedy for the characters in each of these two novels to change their behaviors towards other people in their respective novels. In Woolf's To the Lighthouse, the deaths of three of the family members and the crumbling relationships the Ramsay family bring about an eventual change in each of the remaining characters. Similarly, in Forster's Howards End, the deaths of Mrs. Wilcox, Jacky and Leonard Bast cause the Munts and the Wilcoxes to recant their previous statements about the poor being trash and resolve their differences.

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