Geothermal Energy
It has come to my attention that your research center gives some helpful information on my desire course of study. Let me explain briefly about my education background. I received B.S degree in 1999 with a major in Mechanical Engineering. (Heat and fluid branch) later, I began new course for M.S degree since 1999 in Energy Engineering (which continues) At present, I am searching and editing my final project. The title of my research would be “ Technical and Economical evaluation of geothermal energy systems”. Also, the subtitle named as “ Geothermal Heat Pump”.
The main idea of this project is mentioned below:
1. To collect a technical and energy model consisted of general information such as exploration, drilling, capacity of equipments, etc.
2. to gather economical plans based on technical model. In other words, we should consider the application of heat pump as well as economical point of view.
3. Comparison to geothermal heat pump and traditional air condition systems. Furthermore, to explain advantages and disadvantages of each system.
4. Comparison to geothermal heat pump and traditional heat pump.
5. Conclusions.
I’d like to call your attention to this matters, unfortunately in Iran there is no sufficient and reliable sources on renewable energy. So, our references are very limited.
All of my professional information was on the basis of searching Internet.
The Iranian society of mechanical engineering has published a special magazine titled “Mechanical Engineering”. As a member of this association, I wrote an article titled Geothermal energy which published. You will see that I thoroughly enjoyed to have all information that would be helpful and constructive in my study.
At the end, you are kindly requested to send me, if available, guidelines for following items:
1. General reports on Geothermal Energy by referring to historical analysis as well as the usage of different systems
Keywords: Continuous Casting, Steel, Slab, Physical Modelling, Tundish, Mathematical Modelling, Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer, Instruction, Report
Sanner, B., C. Karytsas, D. Mendrinos, and L. Rybach. 2003. "Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe." Geothermics no. 32 (4-6):579-588.
In order to full under stand geothermal heating and cooling you first need to understand what geothermal energy is. Geothermal energy is a form of energy conversion that is provided by nature and that can be used by humans to cook, bath, heating and generate electric power. The energy is created by capturing and harnessing the heat energy. This heat is formed underground and is created by the radioactive decay of certain elements such as potassium, thorium, and uranium in Earth. One way to produce energy from geothermal heat is to use the heat to create steam to drive turbines that spin an electric generator, this method and others like it can create about 1,400,000 terawatt-years roughly three times the world’s annual consumption(Lund 2014).
In developed and developing countries, sustainable energy source is the most important subject. There are many different methods of energy production and consumption. Using the cheap, abundant and clean energy sources for generating the electricity is the basic idea of production. Electrical energy is generated from different kinds of power plants. These plants can be put into three groups; hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. Hydroelectric power plants are used the potential energy of water. Thermal power plants are used the non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal and natural gas and the nuclear power plants are used the radioactive elements for generating electricity.
Our planet is home to over five billion people, all consuming natural resource, and most producing finished goods. From bicycles to automobiles and houses to skyscrapers, this constant production takes an immense amount of energy. Not only human energy, but electricity too. It is need to power the assembly lines that make bicycles and automobiles. It's essential to run your home appliances, and business computers, and its all produced using similar methods. You heat water to produce steam, which turns a turbine, and generates electricity. Its not quite that simple, but for the purpose of this paper it will suffice. By far the most widespread source of fuel are fossil fuels. They are still abundant, and are relatively easy to obtain. However there is one main problem with the burning of fossil fuels. It produces pollution, in the form of dirty air, polluted water, and greenhouse gasses. This pollution is one of the main causes of global warming, the impact of which has the potential to destroy the planet. It is unreasonable to ask humanity to give up electricity, but the two main problems still exist. Pollution, and an eventual exhaustion of fossil fuels. Therefore an alternative form of energy must be found. Several ideas exist. There is hydroelectric power, solar power, wind power, and nuclear energy.
Electricity is one of the biggest outputs of geothermal energy. It was first recorded to produce electricity in 1904 in Italy. There are now geothermal power plants in operation in New Zealand, Japan, Iceland, the US and elsewhere.
The heat produced during generation of electricity can be used for alternative uses by cogeneration power plants. Such systems along with solar thermal energy generation can be applications of thermoelectrics.
Renewable energy is derived from natural resources such as wind, rain, sunlight, waves, and much more. Over the years, engineers have found various efficient ways to use and harness the renewable energy. One of the main advantages of this type of energy is the fact that it can be used for a long period of time without it being dispatched. Also, this type of energy is cleaner and much more beneficial to the environment since it results in a very little amount of greenhouse gas emission. Renewable energy is also cheaper and more affordable compared to any other sources of generated energy. Due to these advantages of the renewable energy, engineers have decided to find more efficient ways of using renewable energy. Over the past couple of decades, engineers have been successful at finding more efficient ways to harness and manipulate the renewable
The earth crust is broken into several pieces called plates. Magma comes close to the earth’s surface near the edges of these plates. The lava that drops from the volcano is partly magma. Deep underground, the rocks and water absorb the heat from this magma. The temperature of the underground rocks and water increases with increasing depth. People around the world use this underground energy to heat their homes and to produce electricity by digging deep wells and pumping the hot underground water or steam to the surface. Since ancient times, geothermal energy has been used for heating and bathing. Even today hot springs are used worldwide for bathing. Using geothermal energy to produce electricity is the relatively new industry which came into existence 1904. The I...
Kew words: Simulation and modeling; Thermal analysis; Navier-Stokes equations; Solar energy materials; Finite element analysis;
Saini, Keshav. "Solar Thermal Energy Pros and Cons | Environmental Issues." Environmental Issues Blog. N.p., 6 Jan. 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. .
My exposure in Reservoir Geophysics started since I took the “Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization” class being taught by Prof. Dr. Ir. Sigit Sukmono, M.Sc. in my undergraduate degree. My undergraduate thesis topic is about seismic inversion and seismic multi-attribute analysis. I completed my undergraduate research while having an Internship program at Chevron Pacific Indonesia in 2008, with the help of Professor Sigit as my supervisor. Later I am awarded a scholarship from my company in 2009 to obtain Dual Degree Master Program, the collaborative program involves one year of intensive study – for an MT degree – at Geophysical Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) and additional semesters – for an MSC degree - at Exploration Geophysics Department, Curtin University of Technology. Having attended the “Seismic Modelling and Amplitude Variation with Offset” class being taught by Professor Boris Gurevich in Curtin University, I became interested with Rock Physics. I wrote my master thesis in Rock Physics and AVO Analysis, with the supervision of Professor Boris as my supervisor.
Energy is the basic necessity of daily life. Nowadays, dependence on fossil fuels for energy needs becoming lower in numerous countries due to the potential of renewable energy to supply sustainable energy to the huge populations in many developing countries who are short of clean and continues energy. Generally, renewable energy can be defined as energy that is derived from natural resources which are constantly replenished and theoretically inexhaustible. Fossil fuels on the other hand can be described as energy that cannot be renewed and will eventually diminish. Thus, in many developing countries renewable energy is the alternative energy to replace non-renewable energy or commonly known as fossil fuels. In addition, according to Sorensen (2004), there is a greater demand for renewable energy sources nowadays due to the uncertainty of fuel price rise in living expenses. Commonly, there are many types of renewable energy available in our world such as wind power, biomass energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. However, the main three example of renewable energy are hydroelectric power, solar and biomass energy (Refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Various hybrid approaches are macroeconomic model (IMEM) by Chen and Sun (2000) which combines quantitative and qualitative reasoning method to model the economy, fuzzy cognitive maps (a combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks) by Stylios and Groumpos (1998) which explained the method of modelling a two tier manufacturing control system, and the explanation of application of mixed qualitative/quantitative modelling approaches merging principal component analysis, along with clustered fuzzy diagraphs and reasoning to the modelling of a continuous stirred tank reactor and a distillation column by Yadegar and Pishvaie (2005). A utility cost function, which can be used to estimate the correctness of alternative modelling techniques, is also suggested.
Solar water heaters work by using energy from the sun. There are two types of systems for solar water heaters, an open system and a closed system (“Tapping into the Sun”). These systems depend on the type of climates they are installed in (“Tapping into the Sun”). Open systems are worth the installation if the weather is year round sunny, closed systems are better if the weather gets cold. The water cannot be run during winter so the system will be switched to fuel and in the summertime when it is warm, so the sy...