Comparison of the Flood Stories in Gilgamesh and the Bible The two stories closely parallel each other, though Gilgamesh was written down before 2000 BCE and the version in Genesis was compiled ca. 400 BCE. Biblical writers probably knew of the much older myth but revised it so that it fit with their own history and worldview. They intended it to fit with their own mythology. Despite the many similarities between the two stories, this difference in intention is revealed in a number of motifs that distinguish the biblical story from the ancient myth: Gilgamesh Genesis 1. Flood is caused by the fickle nature of the gods We are told in 11.1 lines 14-17 that the gods who were reclining at Shuruppak, "up the constant Euphrates," sent the flood by "intent." 1. Flood is sent by God to destroy his creation, which has become corrupt and evil The humans are so wicked and evil that "it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart" (Gen. 6:6). He says,"I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth. . . " (Gen. 6:7) 2. On earth one can still find demi-gods and great heroes, like Gilgamesh This is a Golden Age, like that described by Hesiod, when heroes walked the earth and humans and gods commingled. 2. Earth once had giants and heroes, but they became part of the evil These "giants in the earth" (Gen. 6:4) were the sons of God and of the daughters of men, but they were only men of renown in the old days (Gen. 6:4). There is no Golden Age at the time of the flood. 3. One good man is saved (Utnapishtim), who obeys the god's orders to build a boat Ea warns Utnapishtim (11.1 lns. 26ff.) to build a covered boat to save himself and the "seed of all [he'll] need" (11.1 ln. 34), to "Reject the corpse-like stench of wealth" (11.1 ln. 28) and live a charitable life of moderation. U. agrees to do this to "honor god" (l1.1 n. 39), but he will tell people he does so because Enlil hates him and he must flee by boat to where Enlil waits to kill him.
...cted many horrifying experiments on innocent people. Doctors are to help and heal patients, not hurt and destroy them. Doctors are expected to save lives, not take them. These doctors used their positions to aid the progress of the Nazi ideals as well as the success of the German military. Despite the terrible crimes the doctors committed, they believed that they were doing good. They were helping to achieve a supreme race as well as a productive, healthy military. They were later punished for their crimes. Unfortunately only a few could be found, and put on trial. Others went on with their life, enjoying what they had deprived so many others of. Some even continued their profession of being family doctors all around Germany, and many still have the same Anti-Semitic views they had before when they were professional killers. (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust)
As the human species develops, medicine follows suit. Researchers look down medicinal avenues which promise a better life-- a longer life. However, red and blue paint cannot engender purple paint without proper mixing. Thus, health sciences cannot expand without thorough experimentation. The Nazis exemplified this concept of “thorough experimentation” with their cruel and inhumane medical experiments. The trials varied in nature and reason. Some of the “experiments had legitimate scientific purposes, though the methods that were used violated the canons of medical ethics. Others were racial in nature, designed to advance Nazi racial theories. [However,] Most were simply bad science.” (jewishvirtuallibrary.org). The medical experiments performed by the Nazis were vast and highly divergent, but they can generally be divided into three categories: racial experimentation, war-injury experimentation, and pharmaceutical testing.
In 1933 German politician Adolf Hitler led a genocide known as the Holocaust, which eventually led to “The Final Solution”, throughout this time over 6 million Jews were persecuted due to the fact that “The Nazi ideology was predicated on the concept of racial supremacy. At the top of the tree was the Aryan race; at the foot were the ‘untermenschen’: blacks, gypsies, homosexuals and Jews” (Bogod). During this time German doctors performed a number of unethical medical experiments in order to advance in medicine, these crimes were committed against individuals, without consent. Recently, I read Auschwitz: A Doctor’s Eyewitness Account, a novel written by Dr. Miklos Nyiszli, the information documented in the novel was difficult to digest due
Throughout medicine, there have been heroes, villains, and people in between. Which category they are put in depends on the beholder. However, whether the person in question is seen as a good or bad person, they still could have contributed to medicine’s history. This is the case with Karl Brandt, a physician who worked under Hitler during World War II. While he may have practiced medicine in an unconventional way, he was a major figure who made an impact.
Along with Josef Mengele, other medical doctors joined the Nazi party and performed wicked medical experiments inside and outside concentration camps. Some other medical practitioners include Dr. Karl Brandt, Dr. Herta Oberheuser, Dr. Carl Clauberg, and Dr. Horst Schumann. These doctors not only performed experiments to help Germany’s military, they also experimented ways to advance their belief that the Aryan race is superior to all others. These doctors executed many unreasonable and vile experiments on the innocent victims of the Holocaust.
Utnapishtim (meaning finder of life), had it revealed to him in a dream by Ea, a god, and Utnapishtim’s reason for building the ark was to save himself. Ea is one of the gods that were sworn to secrecy concerning the flood, which also included the gods Anu, Enlil, Ennugi and Ninurta. This shows that the gods had no order since they obviously did not agree with each other. The reason for the flood in the Gilgamesh story is not specified, but God instructed the flood of Genesis due to the evil sinful ways of the people in the world. The ark God instructed Noah to build was 300 cubits long and 50 cubits wide, making it more of a rectangular shape. The ark Ea instructed Utnapishtim to build was both equal in width and length, making it more of a square shape. As a test to find land, Utnapishtim released first a dove, then a swallow, and then a raven. Noah in turn
In the story, "A Tale of Segregation" a young boy named William and his father go out to a spring, a popular place among both blacks and whites. At this time, racism and discrimination against blacks were strong. In the passage William and his father had to wait to get water because he was seen as inferior due to the color of his skin. According to "A Tale of Segregation, they told William's father that he'd had to wait until all the white people were finished. This explains why he had to get his water last and why the whites believed he was below them, because he wasn't white. Also found in the passage, they wouldn't let William and his father leave. The white men explained that he'd be able to do what he wants after all the good white people finished getting their water. This evidence explains that although he was able to get his water, it wasn't the correct solution and they were still treated unfairly. The white men showed no remorse, even in front of a child.
We all have seen a bodybuilders physic, whether it was in a magazine, the media, or in the gym. As we despise their freakish look we still wish that we had a body like them. But the reason we don’t look like that is because we know that the long term effects of steroids in will damage our bodies. Steroids have been a common use throughout human history since 1889. The fact that it’s illegal doesn’t seem to bother many users. Generations today are more reliant on this drug for various reasons, without realizing the consequences and long term effects that can result. Steroids are a way of cheating to reach your goals. Steroids are addictive, and over a short period of time they destroy the liver as well as the kidneys, affect personalities, and cause hormonal imbalances. Steroids present a higher risk than the person may understand due to their wide spread availability, and pressures to look perfect.
During the Holocaust, medicine was not as advanced and clean as it is today. “Patients”, or it seemed more like “victims” of the experiments rarely lived, and if they did, they did not want to remember those experiences. A survivor of the inhumane activities, Heinz Reimer, talks about his experience in the camp and says that,
On top of this, it is crucial to consider the impact of the social conditions within which these physicians operated. Economic conditions had deteriorated drastically in Germany in the early 1930s, and this affected physicians in many ways. By 1932 the incomes of 72% of doctors lay below the minimum amount needed for survival, and in this context, the Nazis looked quite appealing with their claims that they could bring order to the medical profession and restore jobs, money, and professional pride (Baumslag 48). Economic hardship impacted medical institutions as well, and that influenced doctors’ opinions on the necessity of extreme acts. For example, it was after the Depression struck that involuntary sterilization gained widespread support among doctors, as there were now huge
Since the German race was dominant, Nazi doctors conducted numerous experiments on Jews, Gypsies and many more individuals to study their DNA to further understand German dominance. During the Holocaust, “…Nazis developed racial health policies that began with the mass sterilization of “genetically diseased” persons and ended with the near annihilation of European Jewry” (“Nazi Racial Science”). The ultimate goal was to rid Europe of Jews because they were considered inferior, and many experiments were conducted by multiple doctors to achieve this
International convergence of accounting standards is not a new idea. The concept of convergence was brought up towards the end of 1950s in response to the economic integration which took place after WW2. The International Accounting Standards Committee was formed in 1973 and was the first international standards-setting organisation. Since then, the use of international standards has progressed. As of 2013, the European Union and more than 100 other countries use the international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) issued by the IASB. Since 2002 the FASB and the IASB have been working together to improve and converge U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and IFRS. Also in 2013, Japan and China were also working to converge
The international professional activities of the accountancy bodies were organized under the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) in 1977. In 1981, IASC and IFAC agreed that IASC would have full and complete autonomy in setting international accounting standards and in publishing discussion documents on international accounting issues. At the same time, all members of IFAC became members of IASC. This membership link was discontinued in May 2000 when IASC's Constitution was changed as part of the reorganization of IASC.
Mitscherlich, Meilk Doctor of infamy: the story of the nazi medical crimes. New York: Schuman, 1949; xxii-xxv
The third organization that helps to regulate the accounting standards is the IASB. “Our mission is to develop, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, understandable and international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) for general purpose financial statements”(IASB 2008,¶ 1). The IASB consists of a board that is made up from nine different countries with the sole purpose of expanding accounting standards. Their main hope and goal is to one day that there will be only one set of accounting standards that will be used throughout the world.