Factors of Community:
1. Interactions between the climate and topography
a. “Rainfall, soil, temperature”
2. The food and resources that grow
3. Other specific resources necessary for a species to survive and adapt to. (Ecological niche)
4. Species interaction
5. Physical disturbances, addition/removal of certain species
-These factors determine population sizes of an ecosystem.
-Conditions of arctic regions don’t allow many animals to live there due to the low temperature.
Niches: (all relationships in which species engage in order to survive and reproduce)
-Fundamental Niche is a theoretical niche, where there are no constraints or limited resources)
-Realized Niche is the actual niche, where there are constraints on resources)
Symbiosis: (“living together” Species interacting in +, -, and = ways)
Mutualism (++)
-Both species in interaction benefit
-Obligatory Mutualism
-One species cannot grow/reproduce without another species
EX. Yucca plants are only pollinated by Yucca moths.
-Yucca moths only grow in the yucca plant and only eat Yucca seeds.
Co-evolution
-The prey and predator build better defenses and counters to the other’s abilities.
-Since the best of the prey/predator survive more often, they have more chance to reproduce.
-Soon only the strong survive, thus, the best ways of countering reach the entire population.
-EX. Camouflage, Mimicry (faking a characteristic), Spewing toxins, showing teeth, etc
Carrying Capacity
-Maximum number of individuals that resources of environment can maintain.
-Predator-Prey populations can fluctuate.
-Predators may not adjust quickly enough to the abundance of prey.
-Additional predators could also influence the rate.
-As more predators reproduce and eat more prey, the prey population decreases.
-As more prey dies, predators have less to eat and begin to die off.
-With fewer predators, the prey once again starts to reproduce at a faster pace.
Predator- Animals that feed on living organisms, but do not live on them
Prey- targets of predators that are killed
Parasites- Feeds on tissues of living organisms and live on them
Host- the organism a parasite feeds on
Effects of Parasites
-Feeds off the host’s tissue’s nutrition.
-Alters how much energy enters the organism, and weakens it.
-Can alter birth rates, can sterilize, or make organisms less attractive to mates.
-Can open prey to diseases and infections.
-Usually does not want to cause death, so that it can reproduce for a longer period of time
Microparasites
-Rapid reproducers and personally infect the body.
EX. Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoan
Macroparasites
-Directly lay their eggs on the host.
EX. Fleas, ticks, mites, lice
Social Parasites
-Manipulate the social behavior of another species.
EX. Cuckoos lay their eggs in nests of other species, which push the rightful eggs out.
-The mother of the original eggs ends up feeding the cuckoos.
Parasitoids
-Insect larvae that always kill what they eat (larvae and pupae of other insects)
Domestic violence affects the victim physically often times causing injuries that could lead to hospitalization or death, psychologically involving gaining control over the victim as well, and socially by isolating them from family and friends. When we think of the effects of domestic violence it becomes clear that it not only affects the victim and the family but as in recent years, the violence can spill beyond the walls of the home into the neighborhood and the workplace resulting in what has become more and more common, domestic violence related workplace shootings. Domestic v...
Each and every individual organism has unique combination of alleles. The greater the variation of alleles in a species, the less likely the species is to die out as they’re all different and so react differently to threats in terms of infection and can defend themselves in numerous ways. This means that even if there was an outbreak of disease, because the variation of genes and combinations of al...
Educators can have strong feelings on the subject because having special needs students in a regular classroom can have a large impact on the classroom community. Those who believe in inclusive classrooms realize that, to be successful, it requires allot of classroom management and differentiated instruction, but feel the benefits are worth the work involved. Those who do not believe in inclusion feel that it leads to “l...
University costs continue to increase as well. An interesting concept to reducing these costs would be to reduce the requirements for degree completion. Decreasing the requirements would allow students to graduate sooner and begin to pay off their student loans sooner.
What do we do with children with disabilities in the public school? Do we include them in the general education class with the “regular” learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where children spend part of their day in a regular education setting and the rest of the day in a special education or resource class for the opportunity to work in a smaller group setting on specific needs. The need for care for children with identified disabilities both physical and learning continues to grow and the controversy continues.
...e likely to reproduce. He also states that the ability to change to the environment also make it vital to survival. The tulip in regard to its complexity has changed to fit desire.
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
Inbreeding depression is reduced fitness in a given population as a result of breeding related individuals . It is often a result of the population bottleneck . In general , the higher the genetic variation among the population , education , and the less likely it is that the marriage of relatives suffering from depression . Inbreeding depression seems to be present in most groups of organisms , but varies between mating systems . Hermaphroditic species often carries a lesser degree of inbreeding depression of hybridization of species , and the repeated generations of self- fertilization is believed to cleanse the harmful alleles of the population . For example , it has been proven in the hybridization filamentous certain types remanei suffer severely from inbreeding depression , unlike in C. elegans hermaphrodite relativity, which suffer outbreeding depression . [1]
There are millions of children that are passing through the United States school system every day, not all children possess the same traits, and not all children can learn at the same rate, and do not perform at the same ability. The fact that all children learn differently and some have difficulties learning in general classrooms, special education was put into place to try and take care of these issues. Special education programs were put into place to help all students with disabilities. These children range from general disabilities to more complex and severe disabilities. There has been a revolution occurring in the past several years with education systems, and special education. There have now been several laws that have been passed that mandate changes in special education and the treatment that children, and parents receive, it also changes how the children are being taught, and how the teachers are to also change and conform to this idea called inclusion. Inclusion in the school system simply is stating that children who have learning disabilities, and more severe disabilities are to be included in the general education environment for as long as possible daily. There has been several different names other than inclusion that have been used, but in present times and since the 1990’s inclusion has been the most common term used. “The change in terminology was pushed in part by the philosophy that inclusion would mean more than only physical placement of children with disabilities in the same classroom, but rather it conveyed that children with disabilities would become a part of larger social, community, and societal systems” (Odom, Buysse, & Soukakou, 2011, para. 3). There has not been just one major law that was passed...
Inclusion in classrooms is defined as combining students with disabilities and students without disabilities together in an educational environment. It provides all students with a better sense of belonging. They will enable friendships and evolve feelings of being a member of a diverse community (Bronson, 1999). Inclusion benefits students without disabilities by developing a sense of helping others and respecting other diverse people. By this, the students will build up an appreciation that everyone has unique yet wonderful abilities and personalities (Bronson, 1999). This will enhance their communication skills later in life. Inclusive classrooms provide students with disabilities a better education on the same level as their peers. Since all students would be in the same educational environment, they would follow the same curriculum and not separate ones based on their disability. The main element to a successful inclusive classroom, is the teachers effort to plan the curriculum to fit all students needs. Teachers must make sure that they are making the material challenging enough for students without special needs and understandable to students with special needs. Inclusive classrooms are beneficial to students with and without special needs.
Domestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can also be withholding necessary resources to sustain health such as medication, food, sleep, or forcing alcohol or other drug use. Economic abuse is an attempt to make the victim financially dependent. Such as sustaining control over financial resources including the victims earned income, forbidding employment, on the job harassment, or withholding information about family expenses. Emotional abuse can be the attempt to undermine the victims self worth. This could be belittling the victim, name calling, insults, criticism, manipulating, etc. Sexual abuse is any sexual contact without consent. For example, marital rape, attacks on sexual parts of the body, forced sex, forced prostitution. Sexual abuse can also be an attempt to undermine the victims sexuality by treating them in a derogatory manner, criticizing sexual performance, or withholding sex. Psychological abuse is the attempt to implant fear. This could involve intimidation, threats of physical harm, harassment, mind games, and stalking. Psychological abuse can also be an attempt to isolate victim from friends and family member. Abusers can go so far as withholding access to a telephone, transportation, constant check ups, forced imprisonment, and undermining personal relationships. Dome...
“Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States” (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physically and emotionally. Domestic violence affects not just people, but businesses as well. Domestic violence results in high turnover and absenteeism at work, extended sick leave, and losses in productivity (Jones 12). The financial cost of domestic violence on business productivity helped facilitate government intervention towards addressing domestic violence, and encouraged laws protecting victims of this type of abuse.
Sex has been around for millions of years, transferring, spreading and exchanging genes from offspring to offspring either asexually or sexually. Although, many species are specific with whom or what they mate with and they also consider the consequences of mating. Sex can have advantages and disadvantages that could lead to offspring or to death. The advantage of sex is recombination. Although, recombination can be broken down into many parts. Recombination created genetic variation leading to differences among living things, forming new species. An example of recombination is humans, or cats, dogs, and other species that can exchange or pass on genes and create offspring that is viable for survival.
Domestic violence is skyrocketing in our society. In the U.S., as many as 1.5 million women and 850,000 men were physically assaulted by their intimate partner last year, and numerous children abused by their parents. These sad criminal acts will continue to grow in our society, unless our community takes action to stop these crimes.
Reproduction is one of the most powerful sources known on this earth. Reproduction allows animal, plants, and other organisms to thrive for generations. All organisms have to reproduce, otherwise their species will simply die out. Out of all of the organisms that reproduce, some of the most interesting include social insects of the Hymenoptera order. Social insects exhibit various interesting traits and strategies that they use for reproduction, such as the formation of a queen, worker reproduction, queen signaling or control, and sexual selection. Many of these traits and strategies can be seen in social wasp populations.