Catalytic Converters
Notice when a vehicle drives by nowadays, that it is so much quieter than those loud oldies that pour out the blue smoke. Ever wonder just what is underneath a vehicle that makes the new ones so much cleaner. It is called a catalytic converter. The main function of a catalytic converter is to decrease pollution emitted from a vehicles exhaust. The concept behind this is to add a catalyst and force a reaction between the automobile's exhaust and oxygen in the converter. To see just how this happens let's look inside of a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is made up mainly of a mufflerlike chamber which contains porous, heat-resistant materials coated with either platinum or palladium. These materials are known as catalysts. A catalyst is an element which although causing a reaction to occur, does not change at all during the reaction. This is the idea behind a catalytic converter. The carbon monoxide gas and hydrocarbons emitted from the engine will travel along the exhaust system until they reach they catalytic converter. There it comes into contact with the described catalyst. This forces a reaction between the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons with the oxygen inside the converter creating products of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The reaction which occurs inside the converter is as follows:
The main compounds involved are carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
(compounds of hydrogen and carbon), as well as oxygen. When these three are combined with the provided catalyst, a reaction occurs as above. During the reaction the oxygen splits apart the carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbons and allows them to combine with its elements forming the aforementioned products.
The catalytic converter first made an appearance in vehicles in 1975.
The government of the United States of America had established a law controlling auto emissions. There was one minor detail that was outlined in the use of a catalytic converter, however. There must only be the use of lead-free gasoline.
The reasoning behind this was that if a leaded gasoline was used the lead would cover the platinum and palladium pellets rendering them ineffective and thereby ceasing the reaction to exist. Phosphorus had much of the same effect on the pellets so the gasoline must contain minimal amounts of it as well.
A catalytic converter can be located in every new vehicle today, unless the vehicle runs on diesel fuel. In case you were interested in finding the catalytic converter nearest you, you may want to take a look under the nearest vehicle. It looks like the muffler only it is a little bit larger and more to
chain. The use of lead in gasoline was phased out in '73 which caused lead
1.Intake: The intake valve opens allowing fresh oxygen rich air mixed with fuel to enter the cylinder.
...wing, the amount of pollutants that come from the exhausts of automobiles can almost be nonexistent.
2. California Zero-Emission Vehicle Regulations. 2000. American Lung Association of California. Viewed October 9, 2001
the same objective - to compress air and force more air molecules into the engine's
Two pistons, called the hot and cold pistons are used on the side of the cooler, regenerator and heater. These pistons move uniformly in the similar direction to provide constant-volume heating or cooling processes of the working fluid. When the entire working fluid has been transferred into one cylinder, one piston is fixed and the other piston moves to expand or compress the working fluid. The compression work is done by the cold piston and the expansion work is done by the hot piston. In the beta-configuration, a displacer and a power piston contained within the same cylinder. The cylinder moves working fluid between the cold space and the hot space of the displacer through the heater, regenerator, and cooler. The power piston placed at the cold space of the cylinder, expands the working fluid when the working fluid is in the hot space and compresses the working fluid when the working fluid is moved into the cold
According to Brinson, “Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared cars "mobile sources" of pollution, they aren’t the only culprits. Big trucks, bulldozers, ships and boats, trains and even snow-blower 's pollute the air. According to the EPA, motor vehicles collectively cause 75 percent of carbon monoxide pollution in the U.S. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) estimates that on-road vehicles cause one-third of the air pollution that produces smog in the U.S., and transportation causes 27 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. has 30 percent of the world 's automobiles, yet it contributes about half of the world 's emissions from cars.” The United States has began imposing strict regulations on automotive
Air pollution can be decreased by lessening the amount of tailpipe emissions, which refers to the pollution which is created as a by-product of the engine combustion process and from the evaporation of the fuel itself, as stated on the web-site of the United States E.P.A (10/4, http://www.epa.gov/autoemissions/whycare.html). This refers to the actual fue...
Automotive gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends are used in internal combustion spark-ignition engines. These spark ignition engine fuels are primarily used for passenger cars. They are also used in off-highway utility vans, farm machinery and in other spark ignition engines employed in a variety of service applications.
The Volkswagen emissions scandal is a series of choices made by the company and the people employed by Volkswagen to install a "cheat" button to alter the amount of emissions produced only under testing situations. Ordinarily, all vehicles on the road that run off of gasoline have a set about of CO2 and other harmful emissions produced by the burning of gasoline. Violation of these rules can result in fines and recalls. Due to an increased attention on car companies to fight global warming and air pollution a number of emissions have lowered in the over the year for tighter regulation on the amount of CO2 produced. Consequently, this reduction in the amount of CO2 produced is the source of the scandal. This change may come across as minor,
All emissions that have been drawn into the system must be effectively disposed safely, if not it may have adverse effect on the
...al combustion vehicle emissions. Sustainable practices, technology, collaborations are producing a new breed of vehicles aiming for a greener future for the world. These efficient vehicles seek to forge a green future.
the surface of the solid therefore the solvent only acts as a form of heat
Automobiles release the unburnt carbon monoxide due to which ultraviolet rays got a way to enter into an atmosphere.