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an essay about activists
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Dykes Organize: The Founding of the Lesbian Avengers
The Stonewall riots opened the doors to the rise and fall of numerous different homosexual actions groups. The differences in the groups were like night and day and the theories behind them changed with the times. In the 1990’s a group made its debut by coming out strong and forceful. Their handbook stated, “We need you. Because we are not waiting for the rapture. We are the apocalypse.” This became part of a dyke manifesto. A manifesto that changed lesbian views, a manifesto that brought with it a ‘fierce lesbian movement’, it brought confrontation to lesbian politics. They proudly announce their slogan “We are the Lesbian Avengers and We Recruit!”
Today I am going to introduce to you the Lesbian Avengers. I will lay out the history of activism that led up the this group and then introduce the queer context that this group was founded under. When I have established that foundation, I will tell you how the Lesbian Avengers were founded and by what means they ran the group. Specifically, I will explain and analyze an action of the Washington, D.C. chapter. I argue that the Lesbian Avengers are fighting for a new lesbian visibility, different from that of Lesbian groups in the 1970’s such as Lesbian Nation. I also argue that the Lesbian Avengers have a specific understanding of action and queer theory which is why their group has been a success.
In the early 1990’s there were two prominent homosexual activist groups: the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT-UP) and Queer Nation. ACT-UP is a direct action group that exists solely as a political organization although it is in a battle for power against other government agencies and drug companies (ACT-UP Phil). This group was formed to “agitate for a concentrated response to the AIDS crisis from the federal government, and by default, the single loudest voice of opposition to the Republican social policies, from housing to health care”(ACT-UP). ACT-UP is a volunteer organization that is run by its members and by consensus. The group will choose its causes based on what is decided at the meeting (ACT-UP Phil). Direct action groups are known for their guerrilla-style demonstrations. This means that they are a group related to strong, nonviolent fighting; the ‘in your face’ approach to activism.
Between ten to fifteen Taliban found a ocation that abled them to set up from a distance and allowed them to fire from behind cover. During the ambush the Taliban fired AK-47s, RPGs (Rocket Propelled Grenades) and PKM machine guns. U. S. forces were able to successfully able to launch a counter-attack and get out of the “killzone”, only after two Americans were killed and five were wounded. The Taliban had a high ratio of tracer rounds compared to normal which created a wall of fire to the left of the platoon, Sgt. Brennan and Spc. Eckrode who were walking at the front of the single file formation were wounded in the initial attack. The rest of the squad members found cover within a couple of feet from where they had been standing and dropped to the ground so they could fire back effectively and controlled from their positions. Spc. Giunta began to direct his fire team while Staff Sgt. Gallardo tried to like with Sgt. Brennan and Spc. Eckrode. While Spc. Giunta was firing back he realized that the Taliban was in an “L” shaped position and direct two of his soldiers to the rear so that the enemy could not roll through their line from the right side. When Staff Sgt. Gallardo realized that he could
In Vicki L. Eaklor’s Queer America, the experiences of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender people in the years since the 1970s gay liberation movement are described as a time of transformation and growth. The antigay movement, threatened, now more than ever, created numerous challenges and obstacles that are still prevalent today. Many of the important changes made associated with the movement were introduced through queer and queer allied individuals and groups involved in politics. Small victories such as the revision of the anti discrimination statement to include “sexual orientation”, new propositions regarding the Equal Rights Amendment and legalized abortion, were met in turn with growing animosity and resistance from individuals and groups opposed to liberal and
The battle happened on October 3, 2009 at Keating, an American combat outpost, near the Kamdesh town in Nuristan province. Nuristan province of Afghanistan is located in the eastern part of the country and is largely inhabited by the Nuristan communities. They exist in four major groups, but are largely subdivided on the basis of religion, clans, and personal beliefs. It is a population of hostile people who vigorously resist foreign aggression and so would not tolerate America’s presence in their land. Their involvement in the attack of the Keating command post was inevitable and must have provided a lot of support, logistics, planning, fire power and command (Kelly, 2011).
Although initial operations against al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan met with success, there was frustration felt by many caused by missing key high profile targets that fled an earlier battle at Tora Bora. Thus, in planning Operation ANACONDA, it was anticipated that the enemy would flee from the assault and could be attacked by a blocking force. Initial intelligence, both electronic and high altitude surveillance, indicated a strong presence of Taliban and al Qaeda fighters in the Shah-i-kot valley in eastern Afghanistan. It was believed that anywhere between 100 and 1,000 fighters were wintering there and preparing for a spring offensive in the valley (Experiencing the Fog of War, n.d.).
The battle I will be discussing is the battle of Tora Bora. The engagement took place in the mountains of eastern Afghanistan from December 12, 2001 to December 17, 2001. The units involved were from the CIA, numerous Special Forces groups, Pakistani soldiers and local anti-Taliban fighters. The mission given to the forces was to kill Osama bin Laden from the caves, leave the body with the Taliban and disrupt the Al Qaeda organization by removing their leader. The intent was to infiltrate the cave system, remove bin Laden and return home.
It is often found that the stereotypical “butch” and “femme” pairing are more visible than other lesbian relationships. However, this does not mean that they do not exist. The ever-growing popularity of the lesbian social sphere has symbolized both difficulties and effects of identifying with such a label. The label or identity itself, though distinctly separating lesbians from “normal” heterosexuals begins to exhibit pre-existing conflict experienced by gay males: “there’s always been something wrong (Aldrich, 38).” This quote implies the conditioned and ingrained belief that homosexuality’s “taboo” existence was more than just wrong, but distasteful and something that society should look down upon for being an “abnormality.” Sometimes, this social reality for lesbians made it hard for them to “come out the closet” and be visible. This experience is exemplified as “The repressed lesbian has a harder time of it, for she is less aware of her abnormality (Aldrich, 41).” Additionally, to be able to clearly and accurately identify “the lesbian is to meet the many women she is at close range; to see her against her various backgrounds, hear her sundry voices, and familiarize yourself with the diverse facades of her several lives (Aldrich, 42).” Here, the presence of the “double life” is demonstrated to further analyze the lack of privileges that the lesbian community had, including the social aspect of their
To lose belly fat and to get a flat tummy, you must lose total body fat. Solely reducing fat from your stomach isn't possible; you can't pick and choose from which area the weight comes off. When your total body fat reduces, your belly will also slim down. (See References 2) One pound of fat has 3,500 calories, which means that a deficit of 500 calories a day, can make you lose 1 pound a week. (See References 3) This deficit can be accumulated through calories burned with exercise, and calories reduced from food.
...protest movements throughout America and the world.” Among the gay community Stonewall has become the word for freedom, for fighting, for equality. It became a turning point in Gay history, so much so that most books on the subject refer to “pre-Stonewall” and “post-Stonewall” as the lines of demarcation. Of course the journey is still long and fight has not been won. At the turn of the century there were still 20 states that made homosexual sex illegal , any only a few states would recognize the love and companionship of gays through marriage or civil unions. The military policy of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell is still active and prejudices continue to exist. But, as exemplified by any other civil rights movement, it is through the constant grind of activists and lay-people constantly protesting and educating, that change occurs, even if only one person at a time.
Operation Anaconda was the first major joint combat operation against the war on terror that the US was committed to winning. This operation would test our military’s readiness for joint operations against a hardened and willing adversary. The primary mission was to kill/capture Taliban/Al Qaeda forces occupying towns and villages in the vicinity of Shahi Khot in order to gain control of the valley.1 The US needed the towns, villages, mountains, and more importantly, the intricate and hard to access caves cleared of enemy fighters. Units participating in the operation included elements of the 101st Airborne Division, 10th Mountain Division, Special Operations Forces (SOF), and Coalition forces from seven nations including Afghanistan.2 With so many different nations fighting along with our own branches of military, it would test our ability to conduct joint operations on multiple levels.
Operation Anaconda took place as a part of the War in Afghanistan in early March of 2002. It happened in the Shahikot valley of eastern Afghanistan. The purpose of the operation was to take out enemy Taliban and al Qaeda forces that were gathered in the area. U.S. forces built a complex plan to achieve this end state. They planned to use a “hammer and anvil” attack that used U.S. forces as well as friendly Afghani armed forces to quickly kill or capture the enemy. Intel told commanders that the enemy was likely to retreat as they have in the past when driven back by fierce opposition. They estimated would be a three day battle. While the end state of this battle was a United States victory, it wasn’t achieved by the preplanned means. Instead, this battle lasted 17 days long and served as a learning point to the U.S. military. The mistakes seen in this battle did not reappear when later missions took place in the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This short analysis will go further into depth of what happened during March 2-18 2002, using some of the principles of war, and will serve as learning point for future missions.
Sophocles. “Oedipus the King.” The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 6th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002. 1289-1331.
Research suggests that we can actually influence the human mind without them being consciously aware. “Anything which is perceived consciously is open to ...
Is how we act is predetermined by a number of factors beyond our control or are we simply able to make choices that are not determined by our dispositions or desirers. This notion of freewill has been debated by theorists for centuries. Hard Determinists say that how we act is due to a combination of genetic factors and the environment around us. A similar notion is Fatalism where how is act is predetermined by a higher power. However Compatabalists think that how we act is a combination of freewill and what environmental and genetic endowments have been bestowed to us. This paper will critically discuss these theories and how human beings are capable of freewill.
Since the foundation of philosophy, every philosopher has had some opinion on free will in some sense, from Aristotle to Kant. Free will is defined as the agent's action to do something unimpeded, with many other factors going into it Many philosophers ask the question: Do humans really have free will? Or is consciousness a myth and we have no real choice at all? Free will has many components and is fundamental in our day to day lives and it’s time to see if it is really there or not.
Furthermore, television violence causes aggressive behavior in children. Many people believe that children who watch violent television programs exhibit more aggressive behavior than that exhibited by children who do not (Kinnear 23). According to the results of many studies and reports, violence on television can lead to aggressive behavior in children (Langone 50). Also, when television was introduced into a community of children for the first time, researchers observed a rise in the level of physical and verbal aggression among these children (Langone 51). The more television violence viewed by a child, the more aggressive the child is (“Children” 1).