Gangs in Class
Even before I arrived at the gilded gates of Dunn Middle School in South Trenton, I knew I would expect to encounter gang members, gang references and possibly even gang violence within the brick walls of this school for 6-8th graders. It is a scary thought that every prospective teacher has had cross her mind at least once in her teacher preparation program: “Will there be gang members in my school, in my classroom? What will I do? What can I do”. During my first day at my JPE site my suspicions were turned into a reality. Within my two classes I have two affirmed gang members and several students suspected of gang affiliation. Both of the affirmed members have since been removed from school due to their
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There are street gangs, copycat gangs, pretend gangs, cliques and delinquent groups to name a few. Luckily, most middle school aged students involved with gang behavior are involved with the less serious forms including delinquent groups and pretend gangs. Those students who are more susceptible to joining gangs are becoming harder and harder to identify. “Memberships tend to cross ethnic lines and have more female involvement than ever before” (National 5). Previously, gangs were thought to be limited to black or Hispanic male youths in low income communities but even the socioeconomic status of gangs has changed. “Youth gangs in the United States may form in any school district, regardless of the predominant social class, national origin, or ethnicity of its student body. Some districts are more at risk than others, but none can assume ‘it can’t happen here’” (Goldstein 20). Beside the socioeconomic and race factor changes, the view of the age for membership in a gang has changed as well. “In reality, modern members are usually 14 to 16 years of age, dress conservatively and display subtle gang identifiers” (National 5). Some gang identifiers include color of clothing, hand gestures, tattoos and other apparel. With this wide range of possibilities for who can be a gang member, we may ask ourselves: why then, are some teens more susceptible to gang membership than others? The answer to this question may be found in examining what gang membership has to offer the students, especially the
The $6 billion heist: Robbing college athletes under the guise of amateurism. (2013, March 20).
Professional sports, like most of our popular culture, can be understood only partly by through its exiting plays and tremendous athletes. Baseball and football most of all are not only games anymore but also hardcore businesses. As businesses, sports leagues can be as conniving, deceitful, and manipulative as any other businesses in the world. No matter what the circumstances are, it seems that Politicians are always some how right around the corner from the world of sports. These Politicians look to exploit both the cultural and the economic dimensions of the sports for their own purposes. This is what is known in the sports industry as “playing the field”.
Phonemic Awareness and Alphabetic Principle in addition to Phonics and Decoding Skills provide students with early skills of understanding letters and words in order to build their reading and writing skills. Students will need to recognize how letters make a sound in order to form a word. While each word has a different meaning to be to format sentences. While reading strategies for Reading Assessment and Instruction, I was able to find three strategies for Phonemic Awareness and three strategies for Alphabetic Principles which will provide advantage for the student in my research and classroom settings.
Practicing Systematic Synthetic Phonics helps to develop early reading in a number of different ways; Ehri (1988) suggested that there were four main ways in which a reader might recognise an unknown w...
... sport, but is generally under five years. Therefore, it is the agent’s job to maximize earning potential during and after the athlete’s playing career. At the same time it is the agents job to protect the athlete from overexposure. “The agent must balance the need to maximize exposure with doing what is best personally and professionally for the athlete” (Masteralexis, 1998). This function also includes the agent investing time, energy, and money into the athlete’s career before the player has made it big. If the athlete’s career doesn’t take off, this results in the agent losing money.
People believe that paying college athletes will ruin the tradition and innocence of the game. However, people forget that Olympians get paid, and most of them are amateur athletes. "Gold medallists from the United States receive a minimum of $15,000 for their success (from the U.S. Olympic Committee and the national governing body of the winner's sport), USA Today, Final Ed." These Olympians can also capitalize on endorsement deals and other additional bonuses, most of which are illegal in college athletics. The innocence of the game is already in jeopardy, in a June 24th, 1996 issue of The NCAA News, " Studies indicate that 75 percent of underclassmen have received cash or gifts from an agent." That’s a pretty high number, three out of every four are involved in illegal activities involving agents, and 90...
Gangs can be classified as a group of adolescents who are perceived to be a threat to society, are mostly recognized by their name and territorial power, and have been involved in numerous acts that violate criminal law procedures in North America. (Esbensen, Winfree, He and Taylor, 2001). The first theme that was present in the pieces of literature collected was the lack of opportunities. As previously stated before, becoming involved in a gang starts at a young age. An article titled “Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: ‘When is a Gang a Gang, and Why Does It Matter?’” explicates what exactly constitutes a gang, starting with young adolescents. Using a survey conducted in the United States, Finn-Aage Esbensen, L. Thomas Winfree, Jr., Ni He, and Terrance J. Taylor (2001) surveyed over 5,000 students. The questions asked were based on how and why they chose to be in a gang (whether they were a part of it currently or before the survey was conducted). The authors concluded their research in deciding unanimously that there was a connection between a social learning theory, and the commencement of gangs. Correspondingly, Herbert C. Covey (2003) created an academic book entitled, Street Gangs Throughout the World, which gave an in-depth look at the different types of gangs across the world. Throughout several chapters, Covey looks at the root causes of how any why gangs are formed. The author noticed that there was a significant trend among young, deprived adolescents and gang membership. (Covey, 2003). Covey (2003) indicated that the more underprivileged a youth was, the more likely the chances would be of them joining a gang, which is a major concern.
Gang involvement has been quite higher than past years. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey estimates that about 32.4 percent of all cities, suburban areas, towns, and rural counties had a gang problem (Egley et al., 2010). This represented a 15 percent increase from the year 2002. The total number of gangs has also increased by 28 percent and total gang members have increased by 6 percent (Egley et al., 2010). This shows how relevant gang related activity is in today’s society. More locations are beginning to experience gang activity for the first time. Gang crime has also been on the rise in the past...
Zimbalist, Andrew S. Unpaid Professionals: Commercialism And Conflict In Big-Time College Sports. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
Collegiate athletics in the United States, in particular N.C.A.A. (National Collegiate Athletic Association) Division I basketball and football, have become one of the most prominent forms of sports entertainment today. Like their professional counterparts, the economic stability of many university and college sports programs relies on the success of its teams. As a result, coaches and team officials have been subject to a great deal of criticism, as many have been using improper methods to recruit athletes for their teams. In the past half century, the NCAA, an amateur organization, has been no stranger to its share of corruption and scandal. The NCAA’s constitution states that “An amateur sportsman is one who engages in sports for the physical, mental or social benefits he derives therefrom, and to whom the sport is an avocation. Any college athlete who takes pay for participation in athletics does not meet this definition of amateurism.” (from In Praise of ‘Student-Athletes’: the NCAA is Haunted by its past, in The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 8 1999) In addition to athletic scholarships, statistics have shown that nearly 50% of college athletes have themselves - or know of - athletes who have received under-the-table-payments for their services. (from Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Exploiting College Athletes, page 63)
The presence of gang violence has been a long lasting problem in Philadelphia. Since the American Revolution, gangs have been overpopulating the streets of Philadelphia (Johnson, Muhlhausen, 2005). Most gangs in history have been of lower class members of society, and they often are immigrants into the U.S (Teen Gangs, 1996). Gangs provided lower class teens to have an opportunity to bond with other lower class teens. However over time, the original motive of being in a gang has changed. In the past, gangs used to provide an escape for teens to express themselves, let out aggression, and to socialize with their peers. It was also an opportunity for teens to control their territory and fit in (Johnson, Muhlhausen, 2005). In the past, authorities would only focus on symptoms of gang violence and not the root. They would focus on arresting crime members instead of preventing gang violence. Gangs are beginning to expand from inner-city blo...
...an likely, it will never be conceivable that gangs and gang violence will be hindered entirely. With assistance from the populations in each municipality and township it can be thinkable to halt and reduce the unnecessary quantity of gang followers and gang-related crimes. We must consider that countless means to reduce the magnitude of gangs in America do, in fact exist. Assorted substitutes to being a member of a gang are the availability for programs in the school and community, educational curriculums for parents and children, and capturing the most faithful gang members and directors of gangs. It is essential for the protection of us as American residents to commence in the progression of managing and restricting gangs at the present. Without stopping gang involvement, America will develop further into a brutal and treacherous nation for the blameless masses.
Ulinski, Michael. "AN ANALYSIS OF SMALL COMPANY FRAUDS AND." American Society of Behavioral Society. Dept of Business, Pace University. 05 Feb. 2008.
These skills are an important core separating normal and disabled readers. According to Hill (2006, p.134), phonemic awareness is a skill that focus’ on the small units of sound that affect meaning in words. For example, the following phoneme has three syllables, /c/, /a/ and /n/. These letters make three different small units of sound that can impact the meaning of words. Seely Flint, Kitson and Lowe (2014, p. 191), note that even the Australian Curriculum recognises the importance of phonemic awareness in the Foundation year, due to the ‘sound and knowledge’ sub-strand. This sub strand recognises syllables, rhymes and sound (phonemes) in spoken language. Rich discussions about topics of interest to children as well as putting attention to the sounds of language can help encourage phonemic awareness as well as improve students vocabulary and comprehension development. It is important to make awareness of phonemes engaging and interesting in preschool and in the early years so children can learn these skills early and become successful
When you 're designing your personal fitness program, consider your fitness goals. Think about your fitness likes and dislikes, and note your personal barriers to fitness. Then consider practical strategies for keeping your fitness program on track. Regular exercise can help you control your weight, reduce your risk of heart disease, and strengthen your bones and muscles. But if you haven 't exercised for some time and you have health concerns, you may want to talk to your doctor before starting a new fitness routine.