I. Introduction
“Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press …” as stated by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution[1]. Most subsequent democracies have adopted this view as well, believing that it is a fundamental part of what makes a democratic system effective. For example, Canada has given their citizens the right to freedom of speech; but like the United States, they have placed certain limitations which restrict its usage. The limitations were put in place because the right to free speech had been abused, especially when considering its use in cyberspace. Freedom of speech in cyberspace is inherently a global issue because the Internet is so pervasive, so Canada and the United States are being extremely cautious by using preventative techniques. After looking at the ethical issues involved, I believe that speech in cyberspace should not be completely “free” and should be regulated by increasing the security measures placed on Internet websites.
II. Background
In order to thoroughly grasp the significance of free speech in cyberspace, it is important to review the basics of free speech in general. Free speech is “the right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government,” but also the right to listen/read/watch another person’s right to free speech.[2] Although this definition states that the government cannot use censorship, the government has afforded itself some loopholes.
The Fourteenth Amendment extends the right of free speech to state and local governments as well as government-run institutions (public schools, colleges, and universities). Private schools are not restricted, yet most choose to adopt the policies of free speech anyways or are mandated to do so by the state governments.[3] The key words to notice here are “public” and “private”, as they can easily demonstrate the right to free speech. If the free speech takes place in a public forum, such as in books or at the park, then it cannot be censored. However, if it takes place in a private forum, such as within a private building or organization, then the free speech can be censored.
The Canadian government provided a constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression in 1981 under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. However, the Canadian courts have used Section 1 of the Charter (provides that all rights are subject to such reasonable limits as can be justified in a free and democratic society) to “justify various forms of censorship.
The First Amendment states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances" (First Amendment Oct. 20, 2013). But "the First Amendment does not protect all speech from government censorship, and it does not prevent private non-government entities from censoring. Years of US Supreme Court decisions have identified exceptions to the general rule that the governments in the United States cannot censor" (Censorship Copyright © 2002). American citizen's right of freedom of speech should be held in the highest integrity and any kind of censorship of free speech should not be allowed because it take away those rights. However, censorship has been going on for centuries.
...ondemned or punished. Everyone has the right to express their point of view. Free speech gave online community abundant resources that broaden viewers’ horizon and keep people update of ideas from different perspectives. A free community gives people the freedom to actively choose what they want rather than accept what authority think is good for them passively. And online governance should serve people rather than abuse human rights like free speech no matter what they are trying to protect.
Since the end of the Korean War, the United States has enacted policies to isolate and undermine the Kim Dynasty in North Korea. A key development took place in the past several decades where North Korea broke away from the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to develop their own nuclear weapons and while lacking launch capabilities, they have been successful in their development. During this process, the United States took active policies to deter the North Koreans in pursuit of their goals. It is easy to assume that the United States took this stance in order to maintain a military edge in the region. But under closer examination, this neo-realist perspective does not explain why the United States pursued this policy. In reality, North Korea to this day does not pose a significant military threat, even with limited nuclear capabilities. A constructivist perspective is more able to explain US policy in this instance because it does not focus on sheer militaristic power. It takes into consideration the state's identities which drives their interests. The identities of the US and North Korea and the interactions between them drove both nations to the point of acquiring and deterring nuclear use.
The Internet offers a much greater potential for interactive communication between information senders and receivers than the more traditional methods of communication such as newspaper, radio and television. Freedom of speech ascertained by the constitution is not an absolute right. Depending on the medium through which information is delivered various degrees of the freedom to express one's self is protected. Internet communication may be analogous to either a specific existing communication medium or even several. Current free speech protection begins to dissipate as it is applied to the uncertain confines of the newly developed Cyberspace.
Since the concept of Project Management is broad, many different aspects of a business rely on successful Project Management. “Projects” can include product line development, attaining company goals, boosting employee morale, and product costing, to name a few. This area of business is important because it determines every minute detail required to get the product produced and to the consumer. There are several steps required to assure project success. These steps are briefly outlined in the following paragraphs.
Freedom of speech has always been an important issue in American society. With the advent of the Internet as a high-speed communication device, this issue has become even more prominent in recent years. This paper will explore the issue of whether the Internet should be censored. Additionally, it will investigate possible methods for undertaking this censorship.
Kim, Yongho and Yi, Yurim “Security Dilemmas and Signaling during the North Korean Nuclear Standoff”, Asian Perspective, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2005, pp. 73-97
There have been lots of tension between the U.S. and North Korea. The main cause of this tension is because of the 2 decade-long standoff on North Korea’s Nuclear program. The U.S. has been having a tough time settling this issue. As these tensions increase, the U.S is trying to get other allies to help solve this issue.
The history of North Korea. North Korea has been more on the fence with us since trump got into office. Choe Sang-Hun mentions “North Korea conducted a series of nuclear and ballistic-missile tests since 2006” (Sang-Hun). This means they have been doing this for a will. “Effort to develop a small, and sophisticated nuclear warheads,” Choe Sang-Hun states (Sang-Hun). They want to make a small, but tough warhead for a long time. We have dealt with them before in war, and if it comes down to that again, so be it.
...n America and in the world as well. If the United States government puts any constraints on the Internet, then the First Amendment will be broken. Due to the freedoms granted to the citizens of the United States by the First Amendment, the Internet should never be censored in America.
Project Management Institute’s Project Management Body of Knowledge breaks the practice of Quality Management into three process groups:
.... The two countries are reconnecting rail lines and sent a combined team to the Olympics. Even the United States is providing $500 million dollars a year in food to the starving North Koreans. The new South Korean President, Roh-Moo-hyun was elected on a peace platform and suggested US troops may be gone within ten years. Works Cited North Korean military and nuclear proliferation threat: evaluation of the U.S.-DPRK agreed framework: joint hearing before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, February 23, 1995, Publisher: U.S. G.P.O.: For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs, Congressional Sales Office; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2340405.stm http://www.iht.com/articles/95391.html
The technological advancements made within the last decades have undoubtedly changed the way today’s society operates as a whole. People are more dependent on computers and the internet than they have ever been, so their prevalence in general life has been greatly inflated. Such an important and prominent tool could never go unregulated by governmental authority, however. Government censorship of the internet has been an extremely controversial issue, even from the point where “net neutrality” was first discussed. Governments generally argue for the use of censorship for the purpose of discouraging and disallowing the access to inappropriate material and other harmful practices, but further extend their censorship’s reach to affect many other facets of the internet; including politically sensitive material and discussions. There are several techniques which may be used to restrict the content deemed offensive by a government. This means that the authority in a given country can effectively restrict access to any material which they deem to be offensive. This is almost unavoidable for the citizens affected and so the resources which their internet holds are quite limited by these restrictions. As the internet has become such a valuable resource, people are not happy about its restriction. There has been much protest and backlash against internet censorship throughout the world. The morality of internet censorship has been in question countless times as it - in many cases - is stifling freedom of speech and expression, as well as limiting the resources available for the public. The purpose of this report is to prove that Internet censorship has a negative impact on the general public and global community.
The Internet provides a gateway for an individual to speak freely and anonymously without being targeted to what he or she said. With this said, one of the biggest issues concerning the Internet today is freedom of speech. The issue of free speech on the Internet has been a topic of discussion around the world within the past years. It is a unique communication medium and is powerful than the traditional media[2]. Because the Internet can not be compared equally to other mediums of communication, it deserves the utmost freedom of speech protection from the government. The restriction of speech on the Internet takes away from individual's rights and freedom from experiencing the Internet's benefits and uses. Information found on the Internet is endless and boundless and this poses the question, "should the government be allowed to regulate the information and content being transmitted or posted online?"
Taking these arguments into consideration, I believe that citizen do have the right freedom speech and expression through any media, besides, the freedom speech on the Internet has been examined on the promotion of democratization and civilization. However, these benefits based on the basis of rational, considerate and unmalicious remarks on the Internet. The liberty of speech is not the privilege to raise any comments, include those attribute negative influence to the public. Therefor, the only ladder to assure the effective management of Internet is a nation-impose censorship. It is also the guarantee of the constructive improvement generated by the Internet. The constraint is neither an autocratic tool nor a deprival of the right freedom speech, and will profit public while surfing the Internet.