British Entrepreneurs and the decline of the British economy Was the British entrepreneur the most important single reason for the relative decline of the British economy in the late nineteenth century? Despite a continued growth of production and wealth in absolute terms, the economy of "the first industrial nation" began to decelerate after 1870, in comparison with that of her closest competitors. This so called "decline" was caused by a number of factors not merely one as the question suggests, indeed Supple` s foreword (1) asks, "Are we to be concerned with the rate of growth of total income or of manufacturing output? Above all, by what standards do we assess `failure` or `success`?" Derek Aldcroft` s article, `The Entrepreneur and the British economy, 1870-1914 published in 1964 spearheaded the broad indictment of the British entrepreneur...(2)....... A/ They failed to adopt the best available techniques of production in many industries, ranging from ring-spinning and automatic weaving in cotton to the mechanical cutter and electrification of mines in coal. B/ They underestimated the growing importance of science, investing little in laboratories and technical personnel for research or for the effective exploitation of foreign research. C/ They over-invested in the old staple export industries such as cotton and iron, and were slow to move to the industries of the future such as chemicals, automobiles, and electrical engineering. D/ They were bad salesmen, especially abroad. E/ They were insufficiently aggressive in organising cartels to extract monopoly profits from the world a t large. I intend to investigate these areas, in addition to labour relations, education and the class system, as I feel that they have a distinct bearing on the late Victorian economic climate. The "technological retardist" theories are strongest in considering the erosion of "King Cotton` s" pre eminence, due in part to America` s competition and, the critics suggest, the British cotton manager` s lack of judgement. It is said that the slow adoption of the ring spindle in spinning, and the low uptake of the automatic loom in weaving seriously hampered those industries` competitive edge. The principle advantage of the ring spindle was it` s operation by unskilled female staff, whereas the traditional mule required skilled (mostly male) operatives, thus saving on labour costs. The disadvantage was that the ring needed more expensive cotton to make a given `fineness` or `count`. Given this information, replacement of old existing technology should only be undertaken if the total cost of the new technology is less than the variable cost of the old technique.
§ Pollard, S. 'Entrepreneurship 1870-1914' in Floud, R. and McCloskey, D. (eds.) The Economic History of Britain Since 1700: Volume 2: 1860-1939 (1994) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
There are 4 different types of tissues in the human body, epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous. One of the main ones to look at with the lymphatic system is epithelial tissue. The epithelial tissues have many functions but the ones that affects the lymphatic system are diffusion and cleaning.
Tolkien, J.R.R. The Hobbit, Or, There and Back Again. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996. Print.
Craven , D., & Hjalmarson, K. (2010). Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and pneumonia: thinking outside the box. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication Of The Infectious Diseases Society Of America , 1, p.S59-66. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?sid=44b983f2-9b91-407c-a053-fd8507d9a657@sessionmgr4002&vid=9&hid=116&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==
Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, Humphrey Carpenter, and Christopher Tolkien. The Letters Of J.R.R. Tolkien. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH), 1981. Web. .
In the late 1700s the cottage industry was the main source of income for almost all Europeans. In the late eighteenth century the demand for production was increasing rapidly, but before the Europeans found new innovated ways to manufacture goods, they were having a hard time keeping up with the productivity. The transition from tools to machines was an astonishing advancement for the European countries. Europeans were the first to find more efficient ways to use their resources. With the breakthroughs in technology and the new inventions the European countries were even more powerful than they we...
Epithelia tissue : Epithelial tissue, the type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of your body 's organs, epithelia may be composed of several layers of cells called compound epithelia or just a single layer known as simple epithelia.
Zacharek, Stephanie. "Pride & Prejudice." Rev. of Pride & Prejudice (2005). Salon. Salon Media Group, 11 Nov. 2005. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. .
Edgar Allen Poe was one of the greatest writers of the nineteenth century. Perhaps he is best know for is ominous short stories. One of my personal favorites was called The Raven. Throughout his works Poe used coherent connections between symbols to encourage the reader to dig deep and find the real meaning of his writing. Poe's work is much like a puzzle, when u first see it its intact, but take apart and find there is much more to the story than you thought. The Raven, written in 1845, is a perfect example of Poe at his craziest. Poe's calculated use of symbolism is at his best in this story as each symbol coincides with the others. In The Raven, Poe explains a morbid fear of loneliness and the end of something through symbols. The symbols not only tell the story of the narrator in the poem, they also tell the true story of Poe's own loneliness in life and the hardships he faced. Connected together through imagery they tell a story of a dark world only Poe Knows exists.
...ed by many scholars as his best work. It is through his awareness of the merit, the definitive disconnectedness, of nature and man that is most viewable in this poem. Throughout this essay, Frosts messages of innocence, evil, and design by deific intrusion reverberate true to his own personal standpoint of man and nature. It is in this, that Frost expresses the ideology of a benign deity.
The tone at the beginning of the poem is meant to be one of awe than somber because the main components of the sonnet: the spider, moth, heal-all flower, and cloth are all white. The reader is also given a fresh perspective as the speaker, Robert Frost, is observing this in the morning. During the first stanza, Frost uses euphony to set the scene and tone as he describes the spider as dimpled and on a flower. As the second and third lines continue, the use of simile is portrayed when Frost compares a white flower to a satin cloth. A heal-all flower is usually shades of purple (Kansas Herbs), not fully white, which symbol...
Cochran also argues that the key to the American economy and industrialization was not production or manufacturing, but rather processing, speed, travel and trade. Of course we can not forget about communication's effect on industrialism. Throughout this book Cochran shows how all of these things helped shape industrialism in early America.
“The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe is a poem that was written during 1800-1850. It tells the story of a young man mourning over the loss of his love, Lenore. One night he was reading “forgotten lore” as a way to rid his mind of his lost love. But as he was reading, he heard a “rapping at his chamber's door” it first reveals nothing when he goes to investigate the noise. But when the noise arises again, he goes to check and it is a Raven, who just sits “On a bust of Pallas above the door”. Then, he begins to ask the Raven questions. He asks whether or not he'll be reunited with his love again in Heaven, to which the Raven replies, “Nevermore.”Poe. Before he began inquiring about his lost love, he noticed a strong smell of perfume and began to call himself a wretch, thinking he's gone crazy. He realizes that it is the Raven's doing. This angers the narrator and he begins to call the Raven a “thing of evil” and a “prophet”.Poe At the end, the narrator admits that his soul is trapped under the raven's shadow and shall be lifted, “Nevermore.”. Poe This poem is a fantastic representation of life in America during the 1800's. During the Romantic period, it validated strong emotion, placing emphasis on emotions like apprehension, horror and terror, and awe. In “The Raven”, you can see that Poe was putting emphasis on awe, as the narrator was a suprise by the Raven at first.
Robert Frost is known for his poems about nature, he writes about trees, flowers, and animals. This is a common misconception, Robert Frost is more than someone who writes a happy poem about nature. The elements of nature he uses are symbolic of something more, something darker, and something that needs close attention to be discovered. Flowers might not always represent beauty in Robert Frost’s poetry. Symbolism is present in every line of the nature’s poet’s poems. The everyday objects present in his poems provide the reader an alternative perspective of the world. Robert Frost uses all the elements of poetry to describe the darker side of nature. After analyzing the Poem Mending Wall and After Apple Picking it is clear that nature plays a dark and destructive role for Robert Frost. This dark side of Frost’s poetry could have been inspired from the hard life he lived.
Hoehn, K. & Marieb, E. N. (2007). Human Anatomy & Physiology, Seventh Ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.