How the Oboe Works
The oboe belongs to the group of instruments called the woodwinds. However, it can be further classifies as all instruments can. Instruments can be further classified by what vibrates to produce a sound. In the case of the oboe it is air that vibrates and so it is classified as an aero phone, or enclosed or free masses of air.
There are three essential parts to every instrument. 1-The essential vibrating substance. 2-The connected reflector, amplifier, or resonator. 3-Other sound altering devices. In the oboe these parts are the reed, the resonator, and the multiple keys.
The original source of air comes from the oboist blowing air into the reed. The oboe has a double reed. When air is blown it goes over and under the reeds and causes them to vibrate. When both of these reeds are vibrating they pinch together rapidly. This consequently disturbs the stream of air that is passing between the reeds. This disturbance causes air molecules to bunch up leaving an empty space behind them. The bunch of molecules is called a condensation, and the somewhat empty space of thinned out molecules is called a rare fraction. The condensation and rare fraction of the air molecules are characteristics of a longitudinal or sound wave. This process happens very rapidly, and is obviously followed briefly by the next puff of air, making the wave continuous.
This wave passes through the resonator. The resonator is an object that has a specific period of vibration. The air passes through the resonator. This creates a specifically ordered vibration, and a constant frequency. That is why resonators are often used in instruments to reinforce the sound of a pitch.
This specifically vibrating air enters the length of the oboe. The bore is the interior diameter of the oboe. It has a conical shape in the case of the oboe. The diameter at the top of the bore is smaller than the diameter at the bottom of the bore. As well as being conical the bore is also very narrow in the oboe. Therefore, when the air is in the bore it is at a higher pressure at the top than at the bottom, because the air passes from a smaller opening to a larger opening.
President Herbert Hoover was the conservative republican president of America when the great depression occurred, and was given the burden of rebuilding the economy. He believed the federal government should not intervene, and instead believed that helping the needy was the obligation of private organizations and donors, whom he pressured. In addition, Hoover granted loans to big businesses, hoping that the money would “trickle down” and that more employees would be hired. Still, during...
The clarinet is a woodwind instrament consisting of a cylindrical wood, metal, or ebonite pipe with a bell-shaped opening at one end and a mouthpiece at the other end, to which a thin reed is attached. The clarinet has five different sections, the mouthpiece, the barrel, the upper section, the lower section, and the bell. The length of the entire instrument is 60 cm long. The mouthpiece section consists of a slotted cylinder, to which a reed is attached by a metal clamp called a ligature. The mouthpiece plugs into the next section which is a barrel. The barrel is simply a connecting cylinder to which the mouthpiece and the upper section plugs into. The upper section is a cylindrical pipe consisting of 4 holes and 9 keys placed in different locations along the pipe. On the back of the pipe there is a hole and a key that is used by the thumb. The lower section plugs into the upper section and is also connected via a special bridge key. This piece consists of 3 holes and 8 keys. On the inward facing side of the pipe, there is a protruding piece of metal called a thumb rest, which supports the entire clarinet. The bell plugs into the lower section. It consists of a cylinder that flares out into a bell shape and ends the clarinet.
It was proposed that if the length of the PVC pipes were to increase, then the sound produced will have a lower amplitude each time because the sound will lose energy as it continues in the pipe for a certain amount of time. However, the data actually showed that with every increase in pipe length, the amplitude got louder as well, thus refuting the hypothesis. These results made sense because what was created inside the PVC pipes was a standing still sound wave, or a resonance wave. These kinds of waves have certain locations on its wavelength in order for the change in sound to be heard, which it usually half a wavelength. With this, the tuning fork is 83.3Hz and a usual wavelength is about 300Hz, 300/83.3 = 3.6 meters, which is about 4 meters (half = 2 meters). So for the change in sound to be heard, the pipes had to be about 2 meters in change according to the frequency of the tuning
Air then passes through the voice box and over the vocal cords which vibrate when air
The Western concert flute was developed over the centuries from a simple end-blown flute to the current transverse flute. Transverse flutes are flutes that are held parallel to the floor. To play a transverse, the flutist directs the airstream across the mouth or blow hole and not directly into the instrument. The flute constitutes one of the most important instruments of the orchestra because of its high range, ability to blend in with other instruments and play the melody.
of this piece -- the clarity of the oboe, and the lovely tune of the
The four most commonly used double reed instruments are the oboe, the English horn, the bassoon, and the contra bassoon. All of the double reed instruments belong to the woodwind family. Between the four instruments the range of double reeds are a low B flat in bass clef 3 octaves bellow middle C to a high G in treble clef 3 octaves above middle C.
A clarinet is a woodwind instrument. Most clarinets are made of wood. The instrument consists of a tube with a mouthpiece at one end and a bell-shaped opening at the other end. A clarinet has open tone holes and other holes covered by small metal levers called keys. The musician places his or her fingertips on the holes and keys and blows on a flat cane reed attached to the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates, producing a full, rich tone. The musician plays different notes by covering or uncovering various holes. Clarinets are manufactured in five pitches. The B-flat soprano clarinet is the most popular.
The second point that Hagan talked about in the article were the peace treaties. Most Indians did ...
Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre chronicles the growth of her titular character from girlhood to maturity, focusing on her journey from dependence on negative authority figures to both monetary and psychological independence, from confusion to a clear understanding of self, and from inequality to equality with those to whom she was formerly subject. Originally dependent on her Aunt Reed, Mr. Brocklehurst, and Mr. Rochester, she gains independence through her inheritance and teaching positions. Over the course of the novel, she awakens towards self-understanding, resulting in contentment and eventual happiness. She also achieves equality with the important masculine figures in her life, such as St. John Rivers and Mr. Rochester, gaining self-fulfillment as an independent, fully developed equal.
Richard W. Payne, M.D. "The Plains Flute",The Flutists Quarterly, 1988, Vol. 13, no.4, The National Flute Association, Ind. Ann Arbor MI.
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...re”. While his Intended pines for Kurtz in his absence, his Mistress longs for the heavens and freedom. While they are interconnected in some ways, Kurtz’s Intended and his Mistress represent physically the paradox of light and dark, in that two people so similar might behave and think so differently.
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...te. In old times, most flutes were made of bamboo, which allowed even common people to play it. By covering the holes and blowing through the side hole while moving the fingers flexibly between the six holes, a sound will be produced that is leisurely and mellifluous like sound from far away. This always reminds people of a pastoral picture of a farmer riding on a bull while playing a flute