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effects of pollution on marine ecosystems
oil spill case study summary
sea pollution and the ecosystem
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The Importance of Preserving the Health and Diversity of the World's Oceans
Our oceans are the most productive and more than likely the most helpful environment on the planet today. Oceans not only supply our ozone with life supporting oxygen, control the earth’s weather patterns, it also is home to over a million different species ranging from mammals, invertebrates, to microscopic plankton. The ocean is a very diverse environment and it is very important to keep the ocean and all off its creatures alive and healthy. There are many reasons for this, but the main reason is that what we do in our waters will directly effect the way we live.
So lets start by taking a look at where we a get a major percentage of our food today. The oceans are being over fished and fish populations are dwindling more rapidly than ever. Many people don’t understand the various consequences of this horrible dilemma which we face daily. The reasoning is that killing off the fish doesn’t only effect fish but everything dependent on fish, such as humans, sharks, mammals and other types of fish. You can further understand this if you took a look at a food chain. Every creature is a link you remove one the chain is weak, and susceptible not to function properly.
Oil spills and pollution can be the cause of death too much of the local marine life. An oil slick can cover up to 50 square miles polluting, and damaging all the ecosystems in which the marine life thrives killing thousands. All over the ocean surface and all over the land near the spill will be contaminated with crude oil ruin the lives of many of the animals near or who feed of the animals who were less fortunate not to make it out of the spill un effected.
Even though oil spills are not an every day ordeal, the seepage of toxic chemicals and waste filtrates into our ocean with devastating results. When fish swim through chemicals their bodies don’t repel them but rather absorb them contaminating them, making them a lethal weapon to humankind. If these fish were to get caught and sold at the market, anyone who bought and ate the fish could be in terrible danger of consuming toxic chemicals. But not all contaminated fish are caught. Some die shortly after contamination, and other drudge out the rest of their short lives in agony and possibility of infecting others of its kinds.
Oceans cover around seventy percent of the Earth’s surface. The oceans of the world have a direct relationship with weather and climate – they influence the weather both locally and globally and the changes in climate in exchange have an affect on properties of the oceans. Changes that occur to the ocean for the most part occur over a much longer period than in the atmosphere. Even if carbon dioxide emissions were to be stabilized today, it would centuries for oceans to adjust to the changes in the atmosphere. When greenhouse gases trap more energy for the sun, oceans then absorb more heat; and in turn there is a rise in sea surface temperatures as well rising sea levels. Oceans do help to reduce climate change due to the fact that they
"Ocean Pollution." MarineBio Conservation Society ~ Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Research... Web. 19 May 2014.
In 2010, there was a huge oil spill near the Gulf of Mexico that we now know as the BP Oil Spill today. The Spill sent about 170 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The spill killed 11 men aboard the deep-water Horizon. The BP Oil Spill impacted the environment very negatively. There were different types of environmental impact as a result of the Oil Spill, but the two that grabbed my attention the most are the Polluted Air and the Contaminated Food Chain. The first impact that grabbed my attention was the Polluted Air. Because of the Oil Spill, the air around the surroundings neighborhoods was polluted. All the lightest chemicals in the oil that had spill evaporated within hours of the incidence forming air pollution particles. These particles that are in the air poses significant threats to the human health from being inhaled. The chemical found in the particles that was formed is known as Volatile, which has been known to cause respiratory irritation and central nervous system depression (Solomon & Janssen, 2010). The second impact that grabbed my attention was the contamination of the food chain, specifically the food chain of sea animals that lives near the Gulf of Mexico. Scientists found traces of oil in zooplanktons; this could only mean that the sea creature has had contact with the spilled oil. According to the Staff at Houston Business Journal (2012), “Baby fish and shrimp feed on the tiny, drifting zooplankton, and then introduce contamination and pollution to the larger sea creatures in the food web.” With these findings, it isn’t going to take long before the baby fishes become grown and caught by fishermen and before we know it, it’s on our dinner plate. And here we are eating fishes w...
April, 20th 2010; The Gulf of Mexico was exquisite, marvelous, and teeming with life. An ominous and enormous drilling rig cruised across the sea. The vessel was collectedly searching for oil. The crew found a massive oiling spot, buried underneath the ocean. The crew hastily begins drilling without safety precautions, ignoring local wildlife and habitats nearby. After eliciting oil from underneath the ocean; the crew recklessly begun siphoning cement into the gaping hole. Suddenly, a vociferous boom arises from the ocean floor; the malodorous scent filled the air, as heaps of oil drifted to the surface. This oil polluted oblivious animals, looming coral and trees, and alluring shores; turning the once exquisite coast into a mung, oily marsh. Do you want more oil-based catastrophes such as the BP Oil Spill, to continue ratifying the environment?
Ocean Pollution is a serious issue in today's global politics. The delicate balance of Earth's ecosystem is put in jeopardy when the ocean is not clean. Problem evolving from ocean pollution directly harm marine life and indirectly affect human health and the Earth's many valuable resources. Ocean Pollution is a Broad term that encpompasses any and all foregin matter that directly or indirectly makes its way into the ocean. This includes everything from the extreme: oil spills, Toxic Waste dumping and industrial dumping-- to the small scael: human activities and basic carelessness. Because the oceans and all other water bodies are invariably, somehow connected, and because they account for 3/4 of the Earth's surface, they are an ideal method of transportation for pollution, allowing the rapid spread of seemingly far away toxins into a river near you! It is increasingly important that we educate ourselves as to what, exactly, ocean pollution is, so that we can identify the causes at their source and take action in small and large ways, and hopefully, prevent this terrible form of pollution from getting any worse than it is today.
The Gulf of Mexico contains commercially important aquatic life, including blue crabs, squid, shrimp, and fish. Toxins in the oil can kill these species or cause injuries such as genetic damage, disease, cancer, and reproductive and immune system impairment. Marine mammals, fish, reptiles, and birds depend on clean, healthy habitats to provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds. The presence of discharged oil in the environment can cause decreased habitat use in the area, altered migration patterns, altered food availability, and disrupted life cycles. Plants affected by the oil could die, eliminating the roots that help bind and stabilize the soil in the ocean floor, leading to erosi...
Each living person generates an average 2.2 tons (22t) of domestic waste every year and a lot of that waste ends up in the ocean. 70% of ocean pollution sinks underwater damaging life on the ocean floor. “The world proudes 200 billion IB, of plastic a year which 10% ends up in the ocean.” (Kester. The world book encyclopedia volume 15.) Ocean pollution doesn’t help anything its only puts something in more danger. People should try to reduce the amount of pollution by recycling our bottles, plastic and paper. The more things we do to save the environment the fewer problems we have.
There are many causes to petroleum in b the oceanic environment. Oil naturally seeps into the ocean but the natural concentrations have been greatly exceeded. Shipping oil from one place to another contributes the most to oil in the ocean. The crude oil from transportation b is discarded into the ocean while cleaning bilges, which are the lowest compartment in ships, and transferring oil from tank to tank at sea. “Disasters like shipwrecks, oil tanker accidents, and offshore oil rigs fires continue to this problem, as does the disposal of urban garbage into oceans, dumping of waste oil by passing ships, commercial coastal and off-shore entertainment, and deep-sea industrial and nuclear waste dumps”(“Marine Water Quality”). Another large polluter is the oil industry. Tanker ports and refineries are located by the coast for shipping purposes. The coastal areas receive considerable damage from the spills. “Large numbers of seabirds are killed annually, their oil-matted plumage making flight impossible and exposing them to hypothermia. Oil-soaked fur of marine mammals loses its water repellency, also leading to death by hypothermia. Ingestion of oil by fishes, birds, and mammals may also result in death”(“Marine Pollution”). Another source of petroleum pollution is from the city streets. Oil runoff from urban streets and sewers enter waterways and the ocean. Oil has a very long term ecological impact on the ocean and the marine ecosystems. “The presence of oil in marine waters severely degrades water quality by clogging an animal’s feeding - structure, killing larvae, and blocking available sunlight for photosynthesis”(“Marine Water Quality”). Petroleum pollution has been a large problem for a very long period of time. “As early as 197p, oceanographic ecologists noted that they could rarely pull a net through the surface of the ocean without collecting some form of tar or
The Gulf of Mexico oil spill has had an extremely negative effect on the surrounding wildlife and ecosystem. The oil spread across the gulf contaminating any living organism that came into direct or indirect contact with it. The oil cuts off the ability of oxygen from the air to move into the water which directly harms fish and other marine wildlife that require that oxygen. The dispersant that the BP is using to try and break up the oil moves the slick into the entire water column which contaminates the ocean floor which would most likely not have seen any damage if it wasn’t for the use of these dispersants. More than 400 species that live in the Gulf Islands and marshlands are at risk and as of November 2 s...
Oil spills can harm the wildlife, and even the people too. Most of the time, terrorist attacks and equipment malfunctions are the cause of oil spills. Leaks stretch for miles, covering a large amount of water, as well as washing up on shores, making it a threat to several species. These spills can contaminate bodies of water and smother cold-blooded animals, causing them to die from lack of control over their body temperatures. In the article, “Oil Spill Remediation Efforts In The Middle East,” “Such a large amount of oil spread over such a large area poses a serious environmental hazard to air, land, and ground water resources as well as to humans” (Kostreba). Leilani Kostreba explains how spills can be destructive and hazardous to the Earth, suffocating wildlife, as well as polluting the atmosphere. Crude oil is having a negative impact on the environment, disrupting the earth, and harming
Whether it's an oil spilling into the ocean or on land the impact still affects animals and the way they live. Oil spills can cause temporary loss of habitat and can affect organisms most basic functions like respiration, feeding and temperature
Oil spills cause lots of harm to wildlife. When an oil spill occurs it take a little while for the oil to reach the shore but marine life will be affected. Marine life gets slowly poisoned by long term exposure to the oil in shallow waters and beaches.
Every year eight million tons of plastic get thrown into the ocean every year. Once there was a raccoon that had beer cans stuck to his paws. “The cans had been on his limbs for so long that he had tried to learn to walk with them, and both front limbs were completely damaged” (Johnson). There are more than twenty thousand oil spills per year. There is also not an exact number but millions of animals die from both litter and oil spills. This is a quote about the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, “Bluefin tuna spawn just south of the oil spill and they spawn only in the Gulf. If they were to go through the area at a critical time, that’s one instance where a plume could destroy a whole species”(Dr. Larry McKinney). This is my second reason why animals are the reason animals are the reason certain animals are near extinction or extinct.
The oceans need to be protected because it is where life began and if not taken care of, life as we know it will end. When dangerous substances go into the ocean, ecosystems are suffer and become endangered along with lives of people and of marine life. Surfrider Foundation recognizes the importance of protecting and preserving the quality and biodiversity of the world's coasts because they are truly irreplaceable. There is also historical evidence of ocean pollution being present in the past, but the problem still lingers today. Heal the Bay discovered that,“Did you know there is a DDT and PCB hot spot off the coast of Palos Verdes? This superfund site (which indicates it's one of the most polluted places in the United States), is left over from a 1930's era chemical plant. Because DDT takes so long to break down in the marine environment, it persists to this day, contaminating certain species of fish. There are also highly polluted sediments in the Long Beach area, a sign of the heavy shipping in the port. Heal the Bay works on developing effective capping and removal plans to keep those toxins from spreading” (Heal the Bay). DDT is still highly concentrated in the South Bay area and still contaminating different species of fish. Even after more than 80 years DDT, a toxic insecticide, is still very concentrated and during upwellings, DDT particles come back up and continue to harm marine life. If humans are careless about what is thrown on the floor or sprayed on lawns, it can lead to disastrous affects when it comes to the condition of the ocean's ecosystems, and can endanger life itself leading to a problem that only we can mend.
The marine environment encompasses the sea and estuaries waters, the seabed and its subsoils, all marine wildlife, sea and coastal habitats. Given the importance of the marine environment to the ecosystem, it must be protected, conserved and properly valued. Seas and oceans must be kept biologically diverse and dynamic as well as safe, healthy and productive. The marine environment is a vital resource for life on earth. The marine ecosystem plays numerous fundamental environmental functions: regulation of the climate; prevention of erosion; solar energy’s accumulation and distribution; carbon dioxide absorption; and maintenance of biological control. The marine environment is the greatest source of biodiversity covering 71 percent of the Earth’s surface and containing 90% of the biosphere. Furthermore, it is a great contributor to economic prosperity, social well-being and quality of life. Given its economic and social potential, sustainable exploitation of the marine environment is critical for South East Asian countries.