Motivation and Management Theories Management Theory of Douglas McGregor - Theory X and Theory Y McGregor's theories define about the attitudes of managers and workers, as well as how workers are perceived by management, and how workers perceive their role in the company. He identified two styles of management, which he called Theory X and Theory Y. These theories put forward to the managers, not the workers. Theory X basically holds the belief of autocratic managers that their employees has in inherent dislike for work and will avoid it if possible. These managers like to retain most of their power and authority, by making decisions on their own, then instructs their employees to carry out the work task. They often describe as "authoritative", because they act as "authorities". This type of manager places great deal of concern on the accomplishment of the work, whilst much less concern for the worker's opinions/attitudes toward the manager's decision. This is like self-fulfilling, as the managers give less opportunities for the employees to participate, the employees will probably lead to decrease of work motivation. It is held that employees will end up only respond to monetary rewards, their payment. This would lead to lose of ground in the work place for the managers. Theory X managers also believe that their employees need some kind of direct pressure and control in order to get them work effectively. This turns out to be wrong because man actually needs more than financial rewards at work, he also needs some deeper higher order motivation in order to fulfill himself. Theory X managers should give their employees more chances to share their opinions, i.e. having decision making with the group members. Theory Y management situation, it's often found that the relationship between managers and workers are more popular view, which explains the concepts of Theory Y. Theory Y managers believe that their employees are creative, eager/enjoy to work and that they want to contribute ideas and effort. These managers are also known as "participative
Most leaders believed that employees in their organization disliked work and would avoid it if they could. Daniel McGregor in his 1960 groundbreaking book The Human Side of Enterprise argued that “Those running companies were operating from a faulty assumption about human behavior” (Pink, 2009, p. 74). Managers believe employees must be coerced, controlled, directed, and threaten with punishment to acquire them to put forth an effort to achieve set objectives. McGregor’s X-Y theory suggest that there are two ways to manage people.
Many different motivation theories have been created and dissected over the past century in an attempt to understand human behaviour and answer the question: “what creates the force needed to do things we want to do?”
Theoretical framework in this study consists about the content Motivation Theories and how it can be applies to Generation Y. The first part of theoretical frameworks analyses the motivation factor that influence Generation Y to work as hotel employee. Some motivations are contradictory in different articles. Second part describes content motivation theories and the need to adapt them to fit the characteristic of Generation Y. This part also includes suggestions on how to modify the theories to suit the needs of Generation Y.
Theories of Motivation What is the motivation for this? According to the text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things; this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves.
However, in the real world, (real work environment) there are no two contrasting categories of employees who extremely fit theory X or theory Y and McGregor theory X and Theory Y has no empirical data that validated the theory. Moreover, since each human being is unique, which make us have our individual differences; there are numerous factors that can motivate employees. Using one or two factors as instruments of motivation may turn off some segment of employees. For example, Theory Y style managers’ may likely focus on measures of productivity rather than measures of employee well-being; or in other words, engage in an inducing form of management rather than employees' concerns, thereby patronizing only idea of inducing increased productivity from employees; and also, theory X managers may end-up being autocratic
“Motivation is the will and desire that a person has to engage in a particular behaviour or perform a particular task” (Lawley & King, P269). In life motivation will be needed to enhance the workforce in various ways, many organisations will use motivation to increase the percentage yield of an individual or to make an individual feel a part of the business or organisation. Incentives have a huge influence on behaviourist & extrinsic approach. In addition other aspects; humanist theorist, intrinsic approach, Taylorism and Fordism have a part in perception of motivation.
A review of employee motivation theories explains the retention and behavior of an employee within the organization. Throughout this essay, I will provide you examples of SAS inc, and how using employee motivation theories can help you succeed. Why is it necessary to keep employees? Fitz-enz (1997) stated that the average company loses approximately $1 million with every 10 managerial and professional employees who leave the organization.(Sunil Ramlall, Book)
“Motivation is the influence or drive that causes us to behave in a specific manner and has been described as consisting of energy, direction, and sustainability” (Kroth, 2007). At the workplace, employees who are motivated are more engaged in their work and committed about working for the organization. High levels of motivation and workforce engagement can be translated to better performance, productivity and job satisfaction and direct impact on an organization’s success and thrive. According to Jim Harter, a Gallup research scientist, “engagement or the lack of it, has substantial implications for how well businesses organizations achieve their goals” (DuBrin, 2013). In his online blog, Nick Stein from SalesForce.com outlined the results of a recent research which concluded that seventy-eight percent of employees cited recognition as the main motivating factor in their career. Sixty-nine percent of employees said they would work harder if they were better recognized. Fifty-two percent of employees were not satisfied with the amount of recognition they
One of the most important factors to achieving success with your business is the ability to motivate your
What is motivation and how can the sense of motivation modulate your existence for the top.
While motivational and job satisfaction theories can help employers or leaders to gauge what motivates their employees, it is impossible for them to be used to explain all motivating factors. By analyzing these theories, it is possible to understand their basic concepts, and see how they can be an advantage in motivating their employees to the best possible outcome for the
Motivation is the driving force behind anything a person does; it is what drives a person to perform any task or action no matter how multifaceted or minuscule. There are many thoughts on where motivation stems from. In the field of psychology, there are four main theories thought to be the basis of motivation: biological, that motivation is based on physical and mental needs, cognitive, that motivation is a direct product of individual processing and interpretation, sociocultural, that motivation is based on social interactions, and behavioral, that motivation is based on reinforcement.
According to Greenberg (1999), motivation is defined “as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal.” Where “directing” refers to the selection of a particular behavior; and ‘maintenance” refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
Motivation is an important concept which is critical for understanding of and improvement in organizational behaviour and performance. It is therefore important for the managers to understand motivation. It is an important tool which they can use to get more out of their employees and increase organizational performance. Motivation can be defined as the factors, both internal as well as external which arouse in individuals the desire and commitment for a job (Mele, 2005, p. 15). Organizational performance on the other hand refers to the degree to which the organizational objectives have been achieved.
According to Greenberg (1999) motivation is defined "as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behaviour towards a goal." Where directing' refers to the selection of a particular behaviour; and maintenance' refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.