Heating Foods and Its Effect on Amoutn of Vitamin C
Aim
The aim of the experiment is to investigate how much Vitamin C /
Ascorbic Acid is destroyed when Orange juice is heated at 80°C for
different lengths of time.
Introduction
============
Certain foods contain high concentrations of Vitamin C. When these
foods are heated their ascorbic acid content decreases, this is a
non-reversible reaction.
==================================================================
During the sterilisation process foods are heated and Vitamin C is
destroyed. In order to maintain the initial concentration, Ascorbic
Acid is added.
[IMAGE]
DCPIP (dichlorophenol-indophenol solution) is a dark blue indicator
that turns colourless when a certain amount of Ascorbic Acid is
detected.
The experiment is to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid
present in five different solutions of orange juice, each of which has
been pre-treated in a different manor as specified in table 1:
Table 1
Solution number
Pre treatment conditions
1
Heated at 80°C for 1 minute
2
Heated at 80°C for 2 minutes
3
Heated at 80°C for 3 minutes
4
Heated at 80°C for 4 minutes
5
Heated at 80°C for 5 minutes
Fair Testing
------------
* The temperature of a substance affects the rate at which it reacts
with another. This is because the molecules have more kinetic
energy making them react faster. Therefore each test-tube of
orange juice must be cooled to the same temperature (probably room
temperature) before they are tested for their ascorbic acid
content, otherwise the results will be inaccurate.
* Using the same carton of orange juice should ensure that the Molar
strength of each test solution is the same.
* If a stopwatch is used instead of a standard watch to time the 1 -
Results: The experiments required the starting, ending, and total times of each run number. To keep the units for time similar, seconds were used. An example of how to convert minutes to seconds is: 2 "minutes" x "60 seconds" /"1 minute" ="120" "seconds" (+ number of seconds past the minute mark)
Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).
She has a stopwatch with her to record the exact time it will take me to run the measured 1.5 miles distance.
Every movement of everyday must be functional. He timed himself buttoning his shirt to see which way was faster, top-bottom, or bottom-top. He timed himself shaving to see which way took longer, using to brushes to apply the shaving cream, or one.
Stopwatch- It will be used to measure the time it takes the marble to travel down the ramp
Calcium can be absorbed through two major transport systems: active transport and passive diffusion; about 60% of calcium is absorbed in the small intestine (duodenum and proximal jejunum) (1,2). An important player in calcium absorption is Vitamin D, more specifically in the intestine calcium absorption. Vitamin D in calcitriol form was historically limited to muscle tissue of bones, the kidneys, and the intestine. However, it is now know that calcitriol plays an important roll is other tissue function such as the brain, heart, skin, colon, central nervous system, and pancreas, when receptors were found on these tissues as well. Vitamin D can be obtained in a multitude of ways such as through the sun, supplementation, fortified food sources such as milk and grains, as well as in animal products. This paper will review the ways that Vitamin D maintain calcium levels, types of calcium absorption via vitamin D, vitamin D’s effects on calcium absorption (primarily in the intestine) during deficiency, calcium absorption via vitamin D in the elderly, healthy women, and pregnant women. It is important to focus on women because women overall have a lower bone density than men as well as experience drastic estrogen changes later on in life which both directly correlate with calcium and vitamin D consumption and absorption.
Out of the sources of calcium available, dairy products most aptly provide the necessary calcium with the least amount of side effects. Using dairy products as a calcium source cuts out the need to research which type of calcium is being supplied because all dairy products contain elemental calcium (Got Calcium?). A benefit of elemental calcium is an increased ability to gauge how much calcium is being absorbed (Calcium Supplemental Guidelines). This is because the elemental calcium in dairy products is more easily absorbed (Got Calcium?) Dairy products’ calcium is also less susceptible to complications with other ingested substances such as food or medications (National Osteoporosis Foundation). Removing these possible complications also removes some of the concern of short-term health risks associated with calcium. Studies have also indicated that elemental calcium does not increase some long-term health risks as calcium citrate or calcium carbonate (which are both found in calcium supplement pills) might (Harvard School of Public Health). All of these benefits make dairy products a safe and reasonable choice for supplying calcium needs.
Vitamin C is a necessary vitamin for the body to carry out its functions properly. It is also known as ascorbic acid. It is a water-soluble nutrient that is found in some foods. It acts as an antioxidant in the body which helps to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals, which are formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy. The body needs vitamin C to make collagen which is the protein required in wounds, healing. Moreover, vitamin C promotes the absorption of iron from fruits and vegetables and helps in promoting the immune system. Vitamin C is also important to protect our body from cardiovascular disease, prenatal health problems, eye disease, and skin wrinkling. We can obtain vitamin C from food and other sources.
Vitamin, any of the organic compounds required by the body in small amounts for metabolism, to protect health, and for proper growth in children. Vitamins also assist in the formation of hormones, blood cells, nervous-system chemicals, and genetic material. The various vitamins are not chemically related, and most differ in their physiological actions. They generally act as catalysts, combining with proteins to create metabolically active enzymes that in turn produce hundreds of important chemical reactions throughout the body. Without vitamins, many of these reactions would slow down or cease. The intricate ways in which vitamins act on the body, however, are still far from clear.
Investigating the Energy Content of Different Foods Aim: To investigate the energy content of different foods. Introduction: We can show that food is a fuel by burning it, using this, we are going to investigate the energy content of four different foods; peanut, bread, pasta and a Brazil nut. Food is also a fuel in another sense. Plants and animals use food to get their energy. Different foods contain different types and amounts of energy.
During his voyage, in order to keep track of time Christopher Columbus used an hourglass/sandglass, calendar, and also the stars. This worked ,but it wasn’t very convenient at times. If he used the sandglass, it would act as a timer ,but the
The world of foods and nutrition has changed dramatically in recent years. It used to be eggs, red meat and whole milk, but now many doctors recommend leafy green vegetables, fruits, beans and whole grains. The old way has gotten many people into trouble. Heart disease, Cancer, and other problems have become an epidemic. That’s why nutrition is so important. Many children are struggling with weight and many have artery damage.
Calcium is essential to normal functioning in a healthy individual; this only leaves the question of where to get it. There are many sources available to meet daily requirements, two of which are dairy products and supplemental vitamins. Both of these options have qualities that make them appealing, so choosing might be difficult or even come to a middle ground. Some of the considerations to be made are: what calcium is, the types of calcium in each source, how much should be ingested daily, the body’s ability to absorb and tolerate calcium from the chosen source, and the interactions that might occur with other medicines and required daily nutrients. In both cases a decent nutritional diet still needs to be incorporated. It may seem like a simple choice between a couple of pills a day or 3-4 glasses of milk, but there is quite a bit more
...e not only created a world where our slavery to time is inevitable, but are now pushing the envelope to race against the clock. No longer are we satisfied to wait three days to receive information in the mail; we simply send a fax or an email with the punch of a button or the click of a mouse. In a civilization that craves instant-gratification, whether in terms of financial transactions or communication, speed has become the most valuable commodity. Our newly conceived definitions of the words “fast” and “slow” are resetting the biological clocks of younger generations.
Proper nutrition is one of the most essential elements to being healthy and living a long life. People deal with food every day, and food has been a part of life since the beginning of civilization. What we eat becomes our diet, and our diet plays a major role in deciding how healthy we are and how well our body functions. Without proper diet, our body cannot carry out the functions it needs to perform. Most people have some common knowledge on what is good and what is bad for the human body to consume. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains are some common items people think of when they think of healthy foods. However, it is not enough just to know what foods are good for your body, it is also important to understand why certain foods are good for you and what they do to help the body function.