An Overview of Glass
Glass is a very odd substance, is it a solid or a liquid? There are
many reasons why it can be considered either of the two, but still
most people are unsure of its state. Glass may be a state of matter
that is neither solid nor liquid.
A liquid has viscosity, which is a measure of its resistance to flow.
So water may move very quickly because it has a high viscosity, but
oil has a high viscosity so it moves slower. If something were to have
a very high viscosity then it may seem like a solid but it would be an
amorphous solid. An amorphous solid is a liquid that looks like a
solid but doesn't have crystals so it just sits there for a long time
and slowly moves.
A solid has viscoplasticity, which is the resistance to flow under
plastic deformation. If you were to punch plastic with your hand it
would deform then go back to shape, but if you were to hit it with a
steel pipe there would be a dent in the plastic and it wouldn't go
back to its original form. So the viscoplasticity is like how much of
a force you have to put on it until there is a deformation. Some
materials don't flow but creep these materials are known as plasticity
materials. The only way they can be deformed is to be held under
stress (pressure) for a constant amount of time.
Since as far as we can tell both those things hold true for glass so
those aren't good ways to establish a for sure state of matter for
glass. Another way to decide where glass is a liquid or solid is to
say there is a minimum amount of shear stress required to permanently
deform it then it's a solid. There are materials which have some
limited flow known as viscoelasticity. The material will deform
elastically under stress. If the stress is held for a long time the
deformation becomes permanent even if the stress was small.
American businesswoman Carly Fiorina once concluded, “If a decision-making process is flawed and dysfunctional, decisions will go awry.” In the critically acclaimed memoir The Glass Castle, Jeannette Walls pilots a turbulent excursion through the bottleneck of her childhood and dysfunctionality and flawed decision-making is all too common. Throughout this memoir the reader learns of the the appearances and disappearances of stability and functionality, discovers the theme of fantasy vs. reality, and determines how and why the familial dynamics of the Walls alter through the duration of the memoir. The reasons for the instability of the family are evident.
Have you ever wondered why the plastic bag that you left on the porch during winter cracks or breaks more easily than when you left it during summer time but a piece of wood which was left just like the plastic bag has no effect whatsoever? This is because of a phenomenon, which only happens to polymers, known as the glass transition. For each polymer, there is a certain temperature at which the amorphous polymers undergo a second order phase transition from a rubbery and viscous amorphous solid to a brittle and glassy amorphous solid called the glass transition temperature, Tg.1 When the polymer, or in this case, the plastic bag, is cooled below their glass transition temperature, it becomes hard and brittle like a glass but when it is used above their glass transition temperatures, it might have a different effect than when used at room temperature or below the glass transition temperature as normally, different types of polymers like clothes, food packaging, insulations for wires, etc. are either used above their glass transition temperatures or
“Let us take, for instance, this piece of wax. It has been taken quite recently from the honeycomb; it has not yet lost all the honey flavor. It retains some of the scent of the flowers from which it was collected. Its color, shape, and size are manifest. It is hard and cold; it is easy to touch. If you rap on it with your knuckle it will emit a sound” (Descartes, 21)
The behavior of every material composite substance is either completely deterministically caused by the nature of the material parts making it up or is partially randomly caused.
The explicit presentation of the mathematics involved in the Arrhenius equation (Michels, Tsong, and Smith 1983) rendered the parameters involved in glass hydration understandable. However, the actual implementation of the physical processes described in the mathematical equations into a model replicating the natural environment is a complicated problem hard to solve (Stevenson 1998).
Could the dysfunction of the Walls family have fostered the extraordinary resilience and strength of the three older siblings through a collaborative set of rites of passage? One could argue that the unusual and destructive behavior of the parents forced the children into a unique collection of rites of passage that resulted in surprisingly resilient and successful adults. In moving back to Welch, Virginia, the children lost what minimal sense of security they may have enjoyed while living in their grandmother’s home in Arizona. The culture and climate (both socially and environmentally) along with an increased awareness of their poverty resulted in a significant loss of identity. As they learned new social and survival skills in this desperate environment, there is a powerful sense of camaraderie between the older children. Their awareness, drive and cunning survival skills while living in Welch result in a developing sense of confidence in their ability to survive anything. This transition, while wretched, sets the stage for their ability to leave their environment behind with little concern for a lack of success. As the children leave, one by one, to New York, they continue to support one another, and emerge as capable, resourceful young adults.
GLASS written by ellen hopkins intermenes the real life struggles that teenagers face everyday, from love to drugs to destructive relationships. Ellen really hits home showing the life of a once 4.0 honors student Kristina; whose life easily got turned upside down from one toxic summer at her fathers that will show the darkest side possible of life. An estimated 12 percent of children in the United States live with a parent who is dependent on or abuses alcohol or other drugs. Based on data from 2002 through 2007, it was to be reported that 8.3 million children under the age of 18 lived with at least one substance-dependent or substance-abusing parent according to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Paragraph 4). The bond between a child and their parents is so pure yet
In the vast world of glass, three artists have made a great impact on the way we see the medium as an art form. These three artists, Tapio Wirkkala , Gianni Toso, and Henry Halem have helped to pioneer new methods and ideas in this complex industry.
soluble. In other words, any way ap person gets it in his or her body, it will
(A way to test this is to hold a sheet of paper that is drooping and
Did you hear about the two little boys who found themselves in a modern art gallery by mistake? "Quick," said one, "Run! Before they say we did it!" Although this may be a hilarious slap your knee joke, I believe this depicts how society feels about modern art. As a popular saying goes “’Modern art’ is produced by incompetents, sold by charlatans, and bought by ignoramuses!” Why such the skepticism towards current art? Why do art historians and renowned scholars set new art aside in favor of a Monet or Rembrandt? Is the importance of modern art so infinitesimal that it is reduced to child’s play? Or, better yet, is contemporary art worthy enough to be art?
Time has taught humanity many things. From stone walls to wooden tree houses to glass homes. As far as creation is concerned, glass was and is necessary. Though some cities differ in the use of glass materials they are alike with some architectural aspects. From manufacturing companies for cars to your grandmother’s fine china; we’re talking about glass use of interior design. Some materials of glass are more expensive than others due to the use and weight of glass. With glass windows to windows to cars, glass has become a major factor in society without a doubt. Time has given us many things; stained glass for instance was even use as a symbol for religious purposes. Today we will discover three topics on how of an importance glass is in interior
“Life with your father was never boring.” – Rose Mary Walls. Rose Mary Walls, Jeannette Walls’s mother and Rex Walls’s spouse, reminisces life with Rex, which included migrating very frequently, refusing to conform, and advocating self-sufficiency. In Jeannette Walls’s The Glass Castle, Walls reveals that there are turbulence and order in life, the influence of family, and how she develops as she grows up through Walls’s recollection of her life, from living in a nomadic household, where her parents neglect their children, to living in a squalid hovel with no plumbing, and finally living in New York City, where she works as a journalist.
its state (Solid, liquid, gas); thus water has a higher melting point and a higher boiling