Introduction
Since the beginning of time, many of the plagues that we have faced have been global and catastrophic in nature- the Bubonic Plague for example decimated nearly 1/5 of the world population in the Middle Ages. In modern times, the later decades of the 20th century has seen a pandemic that is wrecking just as much havoc on the globe- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and one in particular- HIV and AIDs. The focus of this paper will explore past interventions using social marketing and Social Network Theory as their foundation to encourage condom usage to prevent the spread of STDs.
Public Health Concern
In modern times, STDs (such as HIV and AIDs) have wrecked such havoc upon the globe with more than 35.3 million being affected in 2012 (UNAIDS, 2013). Sub-Saharan Africa has become most affected by this disease, with little knowledge of prevention, means of transmission, and conflicts that stems progress of these countries. But it’s not only in these third world countries that HIV and AIDs have sway- in the US there are 1.2 million who live with disease in 2012. The utter destruction of the body’s immune system due to HIV/AIDs leaves those suffering from HIV/AIDs susceptible to dying from pneumonia and other easily treated diseases. The fact that such a disease can be prevented easily with condom usage and regular testing (Burke, 2012) is why there a great Public Health concern for condom usage among susceptible populations such as the youth, those who are sexually active, and drug users as well. As this disease has no known cure, it is critically important that public health organizations propagate the prevention of STDs via condom usage and tries to break down the stigma involved and bring commun...
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The positive effects of the condom dispensers far outweighs any inconvenience caused by them. The convenience of condoms located around the facility is critical for any in the moment activities. Any students
With the emergence of HIV over thirty years ago, it has been estimated that more than half a million people have died from AIDS in the United States. As of 2006, approximately 2.2 million people in the United States are HIV positive with roughly 50,000 new infections per year. The most alarming statistic is that 20% of people that are HIV positive are unaware, making them susceptible to passing on the infection unknowingly. Public health programs have been working since the emergence of HIV to educate the populations, trying to give them the knowledge and the tools to protect themselves from infection. As more information has been collected about the transmission of HIV and the relevant social behaviors of susceptible populations leading to transmission, public health programs have been adjusting their messages and methods.
Reminiscing about my high school days I can remember the pressure there was to have sex. Within the male high school community, having sex was a “right of passage”. As we all know this attitude was very wrong. There are many issues that affect young people these days. One of these one in three sexually active people will have contracted an STD. The numbers about other birth control methods don’t lie either. Eight to nine percent of adolescents used a condom always for STD prevention and seventeen percent used a condom to prevent contraception. Condoms do offer more protection against those STD’s spread by fluids such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and HIV. Condoms do however offer less protection for those STD’s spread by skin-to-skin contact such as Herpes and Syphilis. The use of condoms in preventing contraception and STD’s is not as safe as choosing to abstain from sex altogether.
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HIV/STD is a prevalent pandemic that affects thousands of people in Europe, Africa, and United States. More than 15 million sexually transmitted disease occur in the United States (CITE CDC). Doctors and various health professionals have sought after the prevention of HIV/STD, but health professionals have come to a conclusion stating that health promotion is the best way to beat the pandemic with the help of patients. “Rates of curable STDs in the United States, the highest in the developed world, are higher than in some developing countries. “(CDC) “STDs account for 87% of th...
During the 1980s, efforts increased to alert the public to the dangers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancy, yet these problems have increased. Adolescents and young adults have been especially hard hit. Pregnancy and birth rates among teenagers are at their highest levels in two decades.
Condoms are the most used form of contraception in Egypt for un married couples. It is almost impossible to calculate the social marketing effect of condoms because of the above reason. Egypt there is one pharmacy for every 4,000 people meaning that the probability of accessing a condom is difficult.
The concept of “sex sales” is used for sexual related situations and scenarios to promote a product or object for purchase. It would appear that sex is normal and a part of everyday conversations, when in fact its not. The act of using sex for sales is acceptable, but actually talking about sex and the implications of having inaccurate information is yet to become a norm in today’s society. Sexual education used to start the first year of high school with no defiant plan of action in regards to a lesson plan. Majority of the times, the information presented was inaccurate and the main lesson was abstinence only. (Ramey, 2016) Talking about sex and the importance of protection has left many younger people with little to no education over the act of having sex. According to a study performed by Kathrin F. Stanger-Hall and David W. Hall, over “Abstinence-Only Education and Teen Pregnancy Rates: Why We Need Comprehensive Sex Education in the U.S.” In 2005 the US had a teen pregnancy rate of 72%, which was the highest amongst other countries such as the Netherlands, France, and Germany. Also, 21 out of the 48 states in the US monitored promoted abstinence only programs for sexual education. Not only are the pregnancy rates high in the US from lack of a better sexual education system but the rates of STD’s/STI’s are high as well with a little over ten thousand teens
“In 1986, then U. S. Surgeon General, C. Everett Koop, published a report calling for sex education, including information on preventing the transmission of HIV virus through safe sex, to be instituted in public schools starting at elementary level. And, by 1988, 90 percent of all the schools in the nation offered some form of sex education program.” Although, sex education was introduced to children in school, it was not until the introduction of social media the rate of teen pregnancy has reduced. Today, the government agencies such as the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention has introduced easy to use tools to communicate with the teens for this purpose via Facebook and Twitter as it believes in delivering the message through these
Gertler, P., Shah, M. and Bertozzi, S. 2005. Risky business: The market for unprotected sex, Journal
Furstenburg, Frank , Mariarz, Geitz , Teitler, Julien , Weiss, Christopher ?Does Condom Availability Make a Difference? An Evaluation of Philadelphia?s Health Resource Centers? Family Planning Perspective Volume 29, Issue 3 (May-Jun.,1997), 123-127.
Sexually transmitted diseases flourish in a society of premarital sex, where teens have many sex partners. A direct result of this, is STD's becoming more abundant among the population. One reason for the plague of STD's is the misuse of contraceptives by teens. Many teens believe that condoms, or the pill prohibit the spread of herpes, AIDS, or other diseases, but in fact, they do not stop the spread, and no where do the products state that they do stop the spread of STDs. Three million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases among teens are reported each year. Many teens that believe nothing is wrong in committing premarital sex have intercourse with many different teens through the ages of 15 and 19, and increase the chance of spreading sexually transmitted diseases each time. With sexual intercourse on the rise with high school students, and its acceptance among the public, even more teens are having sex now, to the point that every eleven seconds a teen has sex for their first time. Seventy percent of these students say they were socially pressured into having sex. If society has the power to pressuring teens to have sex, society ought to use that power to educate teems about the dangers of premarital sex.
The emergence of HIV/AIDS is viewed globally as one of the most serious health and developmental challenges our society faces today. Being a lentivirus, HIV slowly replicates over time, attacking and wearing down the human immune system subsequently leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) at which point the affected individual is exposed to life threatening illnesses and eventual death. Despite the fact that a few instances of this disease have been accounted for in all parts of the world, a high rate of the aforementioned living with HIV are situated in either low or medium wage procuring nations. The Sub-Saharan region Africa is recognized as the geographic region most afflicted by the pandemic. In previous years, people living with HIV or at risk of getting infected did not have enough access to prevention, care and treatment neither were they properly sensitized about the disease. These days, awareness and accessibility to all the mentioned (preventive methods, care etc.) has risen dramatically due to several global responses to the epidemic. An estimated half of newly infected people are among those under age 25(The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic). It hits hard as it has no visible symptoms and can go a long time without being diagnosed until one is tested or before it is too late to manage.