Introduction
The wide use of heavy metals and its compounds by modern industries has resulted in large quantities of this element being discharged into environment. These inorganic micro-pollutants are of considerable concern because they are non-biodegradable, highly toxic and have a probable carcinogenic effect. If directly discharged into the sewage system, their presence decreases the efficiency of the biological treatment [1, 2, 3].
Among the heavy metals, chromium is one of the most important environmental issues. Most of the chromium is discharged into aqueous waste as a Cr(VI) and Cr(III). A wide range of technologies are available for the removal of Cr(IV) and Cr(III) from wastewater.
Cr (VI) in liquid waste more danger than Cr (III). Removal of Cr (VI) is more difficult compared to Cr (III). Removal of Cr (VI) from liquid waste has been conducted by various researchers for example adsorption process using chemicals as adsorbent. The use of chemicals as adsorbent is not friendly to the environment. Therefore, it needs to look for another alternative adsorbent environmentally friendly. The use of bio-sorbent to absorb heavy metals such as Cr (VI) is very promising because it is friendly to the environment.
A number of research have been used bio-sorbent for treatment of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater. Sudiarta [4] using seaweed to absorb Cr (III), Aprilia Susanti [5] utilizing peanut skins as bio-sorbent to absorb reactive dyes Cibacron Red and Ajeng et al [6] using chitosan from crab shells to absorb copper ions. Sutrasno et al. [7] have conducted research using guava bark to absorb metal ions Cr (VI). The results obtained showed that the efficiency of absorption of Cr (VI) is more than 90% at pH 2. This research uses of ...
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...of Pseudo-Second-Order for Cr (VI) Removal on bio-sorbent dose of 1 gram
Based on Figures 3 and 4, it can be concluded that the absorption process of Cr(VI) using guava leaves follow the pseudo second order with k value of 14.5825 g/mg.menit and qe value of 0.1291 mg/g and R2 by 0.9967, so obtain the equation:
(5)
Conclusions
From the present study, it can be concluded that the contact time is directly proportional to the sorption efficiency and sorption capacity. The results showed that the sorption capacity and sorption efficiency higher at acidic (pH = 4) and alkaline conditions (pH = 8). The calculation results show that the sorption kinetics of the reaction followed pseudo second order. The sorption efficiency and capacity using guava leaves reached optimum at contact time of 30 minutes under the current experimental condition.
The purpose of the lab is to figure the concentration of the unknown solution by using the equation of the coordination curve formed by the absorbance of the solution of known
The copper ions are transferred from the water where they are of a high concentr... ... middle of paper ... ... is likely to be placed and a thorough environmental impact assessment carried out to ensure that the processes do not cause undue environmental damageι. Finally governmental permission must be obtained before commercial activity can take placeι. References α - Article 1 from examination pack: Mining with microbes, John Merson. β - How hydrometallurgy and the SX/EW process made copper the "green" metal, William Dresher. γ - Article 2 from examination pack: Extracting copper from leaching solutions.
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health because of their potential to cause cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Most developed nations have regulated concentration of DBPs so as to minimize exposure to potentially harmful DBPs while maintaining adequate disinfection and control of targeted
Heavy metals are characteristic parts of the Earth's covering. They can't be debased or destroyed. To a little degree they enter our body by means of drinking water, food and air. As follow components, some substantial metals (e.g. copper, selenium, zinc) are crucial to look after the metabolism of the human body. At higher concentrations they can accelerate poisoning. Devastating poisoning of metals arise from drinking-water pollution (e.g. lead channels), high surrounding air fixations close to emission sources, or through food chain.
The sample cell was removed and the data acquisition began. 200µl of the Cr (VI) solution was injected with a micropipette into the sample, inverted it several times and placed in a cell compartment fasted. The absorbance values were recorded every 20 seconds for a period of 40 minutes. DISCUSSION During the experiment the kinetic behaviour of the redox reaction between the GSH and Cr(IV) was investigated.
E- waste contains many heavy metals which are highly dangerous to human health. These include cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead. Cadmium is known to cause kidney and liver dysfunction, hypertension, pulmonary edema and immune depression. Furthermore, cadmium has been identified as a potential carcinogen. Chromium can penetrate membranes with ease and cause allergic reactions as well as harm DNA. In addition, all chromium compounds are possibly carcinogenic. Mercury and its compounds are extremely toxic as they can quickly circulate in the bloods...
E-wastes are including many dangerous chemicals, such as, cadmium, beryllium, and mercury. Therefore, when we disposal the e-waste in the wrong way, these toxics have a high risk of air pollution, soil contamination and absorb into the water. For instance, in Guiyu villages (China), has the highest dioxin in the world, which can cause cancer. In the villages, seven out of ten children have a numerous lead in their body because of the water is polluted (Levin, 2010). Furthermore, according to Lincoln University (New Zealand), these toxic from e-waste can come through the “soil-crop-food-pathway”. These toxics are not able to disintegrate, they exist in the environment for the long time and the risk of exposure will be increased (McAllister, n.d.). Moreover, in several countries, to provide the family income; some people need to work with the e-waste every day (Honorine, 2010). Thus, e-wastes are not only the economical problem. They are also affect the environment and human
This experiments were carried out to investigate the potential of banana peel as adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal. For this experiment, the bisorbent is untreated and less remove of heavy metal than treated biosorbent.
1999, 71, 181-215. Minear, R., Amy, G.. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series -. 1996, 649, 1-9. Richardson, S. Water Analysis: Emerging Containments and Current Issues. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 2831-2857.
Gusdinar T. COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATION An application method of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Analysis [homepage on the internet] . No date. [cited 2014 Mar 20]. Available from: http://download.fa.itb.ac.id/filenya/Handout%20Kuliah/Inorganic%20Pharmaceutical%20Analysis%202008/English%20Version/05.%20COMPLEXOMETRIC%20TITRATION.pdf.
One of the biggest problems with gold mining in South Africa is the disposal of the overburden from the mines. Another problem is the use and disposal of the cyanide solutions which are used to extract and dissolve the gold. Cyanide is a well known poison and is very toxic for humans. Cyanide is also very dangerous to plants and animals as even small amounts of cyanide can be dangerous to them. To produce just one single fine ounce (about 31,104 g) they need about 3.3 tons of ore, 5440 litres of water, 572 kilowatt ...
Pharmaceutical waste seems to be one of the dominant elements that are prevalent in our waters, and other aspects of the environment. These aforementioned elements are largely becoming a concern in today’s society because its effects have proven to be harmful towards our environment, and all of its existing forms of life. Through various ways, whether controllable or uncontrollable, pharmaceutical waste slowly and increasingly multiplies its presence within the environment. Additionally, it eventually trickles down into our waterways and causes a large array of damages. Some of the most common ways that this waste gets into the water includes: disposal through the drainage systems, farming fertilization methods and the maintenance of treatment plants. These methods are self-explanatory through their brief discussions, but it helps decipher whether the disposal of these dangerous wastes are intentional or not.
Batch study was conducted in order to determine the optimal initial pH and it was selected to be 4. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm model presented satisfactory fit with the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity onto SSBP-PA after 6 hour at 25oC could reach 204 and 192 mg/g for RB21 and RB5, respectively. The adsorption process of RB21 and RB5 onto SSBP-PA were
Improvement and upgrading of wastewater treatment processes and also the need to reduce the environmental factors make the use of tertiary wastewater treatment important.
...e industries, textile industries are considered as one of the major sources of wastewater in ASEAN countries. Dyes are also used in industries such as rubber, paper & pulp, dye & dye intermediate industries, pharmaceutical, tannery, food technology, hair coloring, plastic, cosmetic etc. There are more than 10,000 commercially available dyes with over 7x105 tones of dyestuff being produced annually across the world2.. The textile industry consumes more than 107 kg of dye per year of which 90% ending up on fabrics3. Of this total usage 10- 15% of the dye is lost during the dyeing process and released with the effluent. Colour is contributed by phenolic compounds such as tannins, lignins (2-3%) and organic colourants (3-4%) and with a maximum contributions from dye and dye intermediates which could be sulphur/ mordant/ reactive/ cationic/ dispersed/acid/azo vat dye4.