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modernism in architecture
modernism in architecture
modernism in architecture
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In a contemporary era the ideal project goes from the design of a spoon to a city. The indissoluble link between every component of the city and the city itself it is now clear and studied. You cannot add another actor to a play without changing the plot. All the elements are mingled to each other as the people are mingled to them. The attention of people needs and habits has to mould the each project of every scale.
The interesting difference between a limited architectural project and one in an urban scale is the triple interaction between the architect, the client and the multiple users. The costumer did not and still does not often constitute the users. The architect has to mould the project on the balance between the client request and the users need. The real problem is to focus on the real need of the people. Cities are the melting pot of a multiple transactional network for the exchange of influence and information. When, instead is the city to mould people habits? Control is still a key point for the municipal request, masqueraded under in the good cases, innovative building. The modern era is the paradigm of security. Control is a political device that still governs us, Defining it back to the 18th Century, control and State will define a place secured only when it is delimited and at the same time it lets appear a potential danger: interior and exterior, peace and war, life and death, thus it becomes the pole of a constant dynamic relationship.
The first “modern” urban planning system was created in Paris in 1854 under the will of Napoleon III and the organization abilities of Georges Haussmann. Back then the triple relationship existed but were ignored. The total reconstruction of Paris was not for the people but t...
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In chapter 8, the author Barry Bergdoll has written about how urban planners were reinventing new concepts to change and improve urban life as well as solve problems relating to poverty and congestion. The author continues the chapter discussing further in depth problems that occurred in Paris, France. For example, due to the narrow streets in Paris it limited and prevented military officers from stopping riots. However, for Napoleon Bonaparte the narrow streets were in his favor when he overthrew the government. Additionally, Napoleon Bonaparte had a goal to create a new more Modernist architecture layout for Medieval Paris by replacing the old layout. Also, Napoleon Bonaparte’s vision for the city of Paris included widen streets, so that
During the last half of the 1800’s and the early part of the 1900’s urban population in western Europe made enormous increases. During this period France’s overall population living in cities increased twenty percent, and in Germany the increase was almost thirty percent. This great flow of people into cities created many problems in resource demands and patterns of urban life. These demands created a revolution in sanitation and medicine. Part of this revolution was the redesigning of cities. G.E. Baron Von Haussmann was the genius behind the new plans for the city of Paris.
With the influx of people to urban centers came the increasingly obvious problem of city layouts. The crowded streets which were, in some cases, the same paths as had been "naturally selected" by wandering cows in the past were barely passing for the streets of a quarter million commuters. In 1853, Napoleon III named Georges Haussmann "prefect of the Seine," and put him in charge of redeveloping Paris' woefully inadequate infrastructure (Kagan, The Western Heritage Vol. II, pp. 564-565). This was the first and biggest example of city planning to fulfill industrial needs that existed in Western Europe. Paris' narrow alleys and apparently random placement of intersections were transformed into wide streets and curving turnabouts that freed up congestion and aided in public transportation for the scientists and workers of the time. Man was no longer dependent on the natural layout of cities; form was beginning to follow function. Suburbs, for example, were springing up around major cities. This housing arrangem...
Urban Consolidation Factors and Fallacies in Urban Consolidation: Introduction As proponents of urban consolidation and consolidated living continue to manifest in our society, we must ensure that our acknowledgment of its benefits, and the problems of its agitator (sprawl), do not hinder our caution over its continually changing objectives. Definition Like much urban policy, the potential benefits that urban consolidation and the urban village concept seek to offer are substantially undermined by ambiguous definition. This ambiguity, as expressed through a general lack of inter-governmental and inter-professional cohesion on this policy, can best be understood in terms of individual motives (AIUSH,1991). * State Government^s participatory role in the reduction of infrastructure spending.
Meanwhile, businessman Nof Al-Kelaby provides examples of making and remaking on City Road, in relation to connections and disconnections between people and places. Having arrived...
Haussmann separated the city by making it into a geometric grid, with the majority of his "Grands Boulevards" running east to west and north to south. This plan brought a new symmetry to Paris, which it desperately needed. The narrow, winding streets that Paris was kn...
President Washington along with several commissioners carefully surveyed the land to identify particular locations to use and was aware of selecting and designating areas for residential, governmental, public and commercial areas. Pierre Charles L’Enfant, the main designer and one of Washington’s commissioners, developed a network of public spaces of great variety to be used for civic, social and national places that were all linked together by broad, diagonal avenues . The commissioners also created regulations on where to place buildings, structures, objects, monuments and roads to develop a functioning city that provided a location for the new government structure as well as could grow and mature in the future.
Whenever attempting to plan for any certain aspect of a city for development, it is very important to consider many of the attributes of urban planning. In order for a city to be successfully constructed, certain elements to the planning must be enacted. The General Plan for any given city is important to consider while in the process of constructing it because of all of the many revisions, alterations, and changes that the plan undergoes in order to lead to the final product. The municipality that is Tempe, Arizona is only one city of many that uses a General Plan in order to help understand their planning designs so that further construction may continue successfully and with little difficulty throughout the process.
Describe the factors that influenced your decision to locate your urban area where you did. Remember to identify factors that influenced the location of you CDB.
In order to create innovative public architecture, considered to be the most civic, costly, time intensive and physical of the arts, the project holds a degree of risk, strife, and negotiation . Overcoming these tasks and creating worthy public architecture is a challenge designers try to accomplish, but are rarely successful. The people involved in a potential public building, can be larger than the building itself. Public architecture tries to please all, even the doubters and critics, but because of the all these factors, a building is closer to failing than succeeding.
In 1961, the Housing Act was amended to address the displacement that was caused as a result of urban development. In its guidelines, $200 was provided for families who were displaced due to these renewal projects (Groth, 282). The new Housing Act gave no mention towards single individuals, who experienced the greatest amount of displacement and had the highest amount of financial burden to relocating. To create guidelines for individuals, the Urban Renewal Administration (under the federal Housing and Home Finance agency created in 1947) "authorized local authorities to pay each single SRO person a relocation fee of $5, approximately cab fare out of the neighborhood" (Groth, 282). Residents who previously thrived in their community suddenly
The second article From Product to Process: Building on Urban Think Tank’s Approach to the Informal City introduce a firm named Urban- think tank (U-TT) that focuses on the city problem and tries to start proposal for the city in building projects in conflict zones. They have designed many projects in different parts of the world. Similar to this urban acupuncture is the way that “cures” the city and social problems by making changes of certain part in the city. Although there are cultural and social specificities, cities are facing problems in common. Connecting the formal and informal city is their main aim of activities. They attempt to put together communities, design ideas and urban actors on the ground that are the stakeholders in order to produce high-quality architecture.
At the height of the Second Empire, Paris was one of the leading centres of capitalist culture in Europe during the mid-nineteenth century, made possible by the city’s reconstruction. The modernisation of Paris initiated an unprecedented method of urban planning under Baron Haussmann. It is this concept of modernisation that people immediately think of in terms of Paris and modernity. This focus on Haussmannisation, however, obscures the fact that Paris was already changing before Haussmann, as was evident in the arcades that sprung up during the 1820s and 30s. Plans of renovating the city were already being thought of in order to manage problems of overcrowding, diseases, social upheavals and infrastructure collapse. However, these plans were never realised; it was the small business owners—or the petit bourgeoisie—who saw to the creation of the arcades that drove the changes made within the urban landscape of pre-Haussmann Paris.
... architectures would led to a more organic organization beneficial to the people that choose to make their lives in this city. Although this model of a sustainable city is not a perfectly closed loop, it lays the foundation for one that is. Over time, with constantly evolving and improving technology and new methods of design from the scale of products to buildings, the gaps in the loop could be closed, and a “true” sustainable city could be fully realized.
Behind every architectural work there is an architect, whether the architect is one man or woman, a small group, or an entire people. The structure created by any of these architects conveys a message about the architect: their culture, their identity, their struggles. Because of the human element architects offer to their work not just a building is made, but a work of art, a symbol of a people, a representation, is also created.