In the nineteenth century, the golden age of biology, the open evolving system of living organism carries a lot of weight. Hence, the traditional linguists took biology as a model of language as well. Language was considered as a living creature which can be grown and changed - live and dead. The changing lead to the degenerate of language in the present day - the spoken language, so the traditional linguists cling to the purest form’s principle in order to seize the accuracy of the language. The purest form is the written language which founded on the study of Latin and Greek. On the belief that Latin and Greek are root of all languages, arise the principle of universal grammar – the idea that all languages are built upon a common language. Thus, using language that does not fit the models of universal grammar is also degeneration too.
The traditional linguists pay a little interest in structure of language but dedicate time to study grammatical forms, such as definition for parts of speech or word order, because they believe that language is the set of rules. The study conforms to the diachronic study – the study of the occurrence as it changes through time – by comparing the changes of language from the ancient into the present day. As a consequence of diachronic study, there are only correct and incorrect in using language since the traditional linguists try to prescribe the directions by sticking to the rules for the accurate use of the language. Therefore, using language that does not fit to the rules of universal grammar is unacceptable.
The goal of traditional grammar method is to appreciate the aesthetics of the language not to communicate with each other. The traditional linguists concern about the usage of its ...
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... structure does not consider the meaning of representation which makes possible to the misunderstanding of sentences.
There are some other differences between these two theories. Although using L1 in traditional teaching is easy to make the students understand to what the teacher has said, but the lesson itself is very tedious. Whereas, using L2 in structural teaching is very advantageous but it held that consume a lot of time. Because L2 is the whole new world to the students so they need more time to achieve that. However, many types of equipment, e.g., recorded tapes with the native speaking, sound-lab rooms, visual aids, are required in teaching to help the students accomplish the goal of structuralism.
Even if there are some of drawbacks, there are some of virtues for both of theories as well. Because there is nothing in this world that created perfectly.
In this irrelevant debate about the language form, we are deviating from the intention and purpose of education. To educate, means to make a child fully aware of his environment and open him to the act of thinking. As a well-informed society we should learn to appreciate the beauty of every English form and integrate it into standard form.
Further development and more greatly impact on my linguistics knowledge has occurred during pursuing my master’s degree in linguistics at the University of Florida. I intensively studied linguistics and explored its fields in-depth. The core courses in that program were Phonology, Morphology and Syntax. Moreover, I enrolled in theoretical and applied linguistics courses, which familiarized me with advanced materials and essential experiences in conducting original research. In applied linguistics, I studied Second Language Acquisition and Sociolinguistics and applied English Grammar. In theoretical linguistics, I took two advanced courses in syntax to investigate core areas of researc...
The standard form of any language is hard to define; one might say it is found “in the eye or ear of the beholder”. The standard of a language may be imprecisely defined as “the variety used in formal writing”, and by influential persons in the public eye such as national politicians and television anchors. Thus considered dominant in the given culture, it is also sometimes labeled the prestige form and may also serve social functions within th...
Introduction: It is evident in the history that the origin of the English and Bangla languages is Indo-European language family. But with the passage of time, these two languages had undergone a lot of changes. Although English was dominated by Greek and Latin, Bangla had been greatly influenced by English, specially in some areas of grammar during the British regime in the Indo-Pak subcontinent. However, the earlier Bangla grammar was based on Sanskrit grammar. In English, the term ‘grammar’ comes from Greek meaning ‘study of words’, whereas the Bangla equivalent of the term is Ôe¨vKiYÕ /bækɔrɔn/ which receives the meaning ‘analysis’. The subject of this study is the comparative analysis of the structure of simple declarative sentences/statements
Through the years, linguists have produced many models of grammar, however, two models have proven to be most controversial. They are Chomsky's generative grammar of formal syntax and functional, usage-based approaches. These two fields, formalists and functionalist, are divided into two divisions of linguistic theories without cooperation. While one field focuses on cognitive abilities, the other directs their attention to syntax and universal grammar (henceforth UG). This essay investigates the main characteristics and basic differences of generative grammar and usage-based approaches.
“The language is dynamism, it is a living, changing, polymorphic body, and that belongs to the people; It's not the linguists who produce it” (Betti, Silvia). As the previous text explain, the vocabulary of the society and the people who are part of it is in constantly movement, the generations are passing and as old words are being forgotten, another new ones are created in order to make use of the “adaptation” that is special in the human because not only the past is the father of the Spanglish, the technology is making progress every day and that change the kind of words that we use, in other words, The past is the one who created the Spanglish but it is the future who keep it alive.
Linguistic knowledge mainly consists of four parts, and they are Phonology, Morphology, Syntax and Pragmatics. Phonology forms systems and patterns, which allows speakers to produce sounds in order to make meaningful sentence. For example, nt always appears in the middle or at the end of the words but not at the beginning. Morphology studies how words are formed as well as their relationship to other words in the language you know, which allows you to know the internal structure and the category of the word. For example, “undesirability” has four morphemes: un + desire + able + ity. Syntax refers to rules that are used to form a sentence. We have some fixed rules to determine the structure of a sentence such as “S+V+O”. In order to attain the certain effect, however, the sentence structure can change. For example, “I cannot do this thing” can be changed into “Do this thing I cannot” to emphasis the degree of rejection by the word “cannot”. Pragmatics mainly concerned with the use of language in social contexts. For example, “Turn left and you will find the post
According to A. Poruciuc (2004), during the last decades, English has been studied mainly form a synchronic-structuralist position, which may be considered as most appropriate for practical and didactic purposes ...
Modern day linguistics has seen the arrival of many different viewpoints of language. Beginning with Noam Chomsky, unquestionably one of the most influential figures in recent linguistics, new theories and ideas have been introduced at a rapid rate. In part due to his status as a revitalizer in the field, but also due to his often controversial theories, Chomsky maintains a place at the center of this discussion. His search for a universal grammar and criticism of pure descriptivism have informed generations of research. Much of this has been reactionary against him, but his influence can not be discounted. His theories of a universal grammar have inspired writers on both sides of the debate. Paul Hopper argues against this view, positing his own emergent grammar in contrast. Dell Hymes later writes, arguing to attempt to transcend the traditional concept of grammars altogether. Because of the influence Chomsky has had, it can be enlightening to trace the development of modern linguistics through its criticism of him.
The stages of language knowledge develop by stages, and it is suggested, each successive stage approach more approximates the grammar of the adult usage.
Harvey A. Daniels writes about common concepts surrounding human language in his “Nine Ideas about Language.” According to Daniels, language critics believe language is changing. The changes that are being noticed are the increase in use of jargon and the lack of people speaking a standard dialect. Consequently, some linguists are describing these changes in language as a “crisis.” To refute this claim, Daniels looks to explain how language has basic features, structures, and operations. He then continues with nine ideas that show ideas of what linguists believe identify errors and misinterpretations of language.
This theory studies in written texts and recently in spoken language. It considers a property of texts and realized by various grammatical and lexical devices.
...al systems, together with morphology, syntax and vocabulary. It is recognized that multilingualists have got to learn in what ways grammatical, phonemic, and semantic policies can be generalized across two or more languages and, if this is not possible, they must go for awareness of any methodical structural dissimilarities. This is particularly pertinent when two languages do not contribute to the similar syntactical rules. On the other hand, it is necessary to keep in mind that the process of flattering literacy cannot be alienated from the social background. Language is eventually a means of expression and individuality. References David Crystal (1997) English as a Global Language, Cambridge University Press. Graddol, David. The future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English Language in the 21st Century. London British Council (1997)
When grammar is put to use in a society, people will often have different beliefs at what is the "right" or "proper" usage. This had led to the formation of two widely accepted forms of grammar, Prescriptivism and Descriptivism. These forms will often separate those who believe their form of grammar is the only correct way from those who use many forms they find to be acceptable. Descriptive grammar is formed by analyzing how speakers use a language, and deducing the rules they follow. Linguists create descriptive grammars in order to understand language more deeply. They understand that a single language can have multiple dialects, and that each dialect will have its own grammatical rules--internally
Syntax is the study of how words are combined to create phrases and causes in the sentences of a specific language (Freeman and Freeman, 2014). Syntax helps us to make clear sentences that “sound right,” where words, phrases, and clauses each serve their function and are correctly ordered to form and communicate a complete sentence with meaning. The rules of syntax combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences. Not only does it focus on the correct word order for a language, but it also helps show the relationship between the meaning of a group of words. Without proper syntax, a sentence can be meaningless. It is key to understand that while every language does have certain syntax, the syntax does vary from language to language. It