Considered a pioneer in her time, Ruth Fulton Benedict was an American anthropologist who helped to popularize anthropology while introducing such terms as culture and racism into common place language. As an advocate against discriminatory attitudes, Benedict advocated for tolerance and individuality within social norms and expectations and sought to determine that each culture has its own moral imperatives. Considered her most famous written work, Patterns of Culture, Benedict explores the differences between
Ruth Benedict Ruth Benedict’s anthropological book, Patterns of Culture explores the dualism of culture and personality. Benedict studies different cultures such as the Zuni tribe and the Dobu Indians. Each culture she finds is so different and distinctive in relation to the norm of our society. Each difference is what makes it unique. Benedict compares the likenesses of culture and individuality, “A culture, like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought or action” (46),
Roy A. Rappaport and Ruth Benedict both held very strong opinions regarding the subject of culture and ritual. They lived in slightly different overlapping historical time periods, Benedict being influenced by WWII in the 18th century and Rappaport growing up during the Great Depression in the early 19th century. Influences of Franz Boas carried through the theories of both of these anthropologists. Although Benedict never succeeded in conducting her own fieldwork, she wrote ethnographies based
But could it be that in a different culture, the right thing to do would be to disregard or even maim her? In “The Individual and the Patterns of Culture”, Ruth Benedict, a renowned anthropologist, would say that there could exist such a culture. She’d inject her method of cultural relativism and advise that every individual be judged
and present cultures and societies, anthropologists, like Ruth Benedict, use a theory called cultural relativism. Benedict describes three different societies and the influence they either receive or do not receive from their society along with certain abnormalities that occur throughout other cultures. She describes and studies these cultures without prejudices influencing her research. Being a cultural anthropologist herself, Ruth Benedict used the approach known as cultural relativism. This approach
Morality Is morality relative? Ruth Benedict and James Rachels have opposing views on this conroversial question. Benedict, "a foremost American anthropologist who taught at Columbia University" (Pojman 370) believes that morality is relative to one's culture and that one's behavior which is deemed moral or immoral is dependent upon cultural norms. Her argument is as such: 1. Different cultures have radically different moral codes 2. There are no objective moral principles i.e. all moral
Warburton, Miranda 'The Universe in a Cultural Context: An Essay', in Fountain, John W. and Sinclair, Rolf M (eds.) Current Studies in Archaeastronomy : Conversations Across Time and Space, Durham NC.; Carolina Academic Press 2005 pp 15-24 Benedict, Ruth Patterns of Culture ( Routledge 1935) Ruggles,Clive and Saunders, Nicholas Astronomies and Cultures ( University Colorado Press 1993)
disregard or even maim her? In “The Individual and the Patterns of Culture,” Ruth Benedict, a renowned anthropologist, would say that there could exist such a culture. She’d inject her method of cultural relativism and advise that every individual be judged only in the context of their culture. Therefore, if another culture doesn’t value helping the elderly then there couldn’t possibly exist a universal right and wrong. Steven
Over her years of research, anthropologist Ruth Benedict has found countless evidence that proves ethics are relative, while philosopher W.T. Stace, argues against her stance and says that ethics are not relative but absolute. Benedict believes in moral or ethical relativism; ethical relativism is relative to culture at any particular age, region, and society. Then on the other hand, Stace believes in moral or ethical absolutism, which means there is only one eternally true and valid moral code
sent to DePauw University at Greencastle Indiana in 1919, where her intention was to major in English. Unfortunately, Margaret was looked down on in DePauw, so she transferred to Barnard College where she studied with Franz Boas and his student Ruth Benedict. It was also at Barnard College that she decided to make anthropology her main field of study. She received her B.A. degree from Barnard in 1923. In September of that same year, Margaret was married to Luther in a small Episcopal Church where she
Foreseeing the future, pain, drugs and alcohol. It all sounds like elements in the plot of a Hollywood movie. These elements, however, are not of a movie, but of the past of a society. “The Pueblos of New Mexico”, an essay written by Ruth Benedict talks of these different societies. Dionysian, derived from the Greek god of wine Dionysus, perceives values through “the annihilation of the ordinary bounds and limits of existence” (517). The Dionysian culture holds values that approve recklessness
Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics is the ethnographic study of a small town of An Cloch'an on the Dingle Peninsula in Ireland. Nancy Scheper-Hughes lived in this small village in order to gain perspective to why there was such a large number of schizophrenic cases within Ireland, and also why such a large percent were unmarried males. She wanted to dissect the issue of why these individuals were so prone to schizophrenia and what cultural factors cause these high rates. Scheper-Hughes interviewed
theoretical ideas based on their approach to research and their findings. Some anthropologists who formed their theories a century ago are still an important part of anthropological thought today. Two of these anthropologists, Bronislaw Malinowski and Ruth Benedict, are well-known and inspire modern anthropology. However, they have vastly different notions about how to conduct research and their theories are worlds apart. In 1915, Bronislaw Malinowski traveled to the Trobriand Islands
Anthropologist Ruth Benedict is attributed to stating "The purpose of anthropology is to make the world safe for human differences." Her insightful ascription of the purpose of anthropology is much debated, as it is not cited in any of her published writings. However, that notion could be extrapolated from a passage on page 15 from her noted work The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (1946). It states, “The tough-minded are content that differences should exist. They respect differences. Their goal is
Reflection Paper One: Benedict or Rachels? Who do you think makes the better argument concerning the validity of ethical relativism - Benedict or Rachels? “… [A] sophisticated understanding of the world must include an appreciation of… differences between cultures” (Rachels, 1986, p. 617). Spoken by Darius, King of Ancient Persia, this concept draws together the core of ethical relativism, “… different cultures have different moral codes” (Rachels, 1986, p. 617). Beyond the recognition of said unique
Field Work Writing Assignment When an anthropologist takes under the task of doing fieldwork he or she is taking on an overwhelming amount of obstacles one must overcome in order to record accurate information regarding a specific civilization. He or she must overcome many obstacles such as language, race and culture in order to even start a study on a specific culture. In the films "Shock of the Other" and "Margaret Mead and Samoa" we, as the viewer get to see how these fieldworks are done from
Father Franz Boas--Father of American Anthropology Franz Boas is often referred to as the father of American anthropology because of the great influence he had in the lives and the careers of the next great generation of anthropologists in America. He came at a time when anthropology was not considered a true science or even a meaningful discipline and brought an air of respectability to the profession, giving those who followed a passion and an example of how to approach anthropology.
The three Halls that I visited at the American Museum of Natural History were: Halls of the Pacific Peoples, Northwest Coast Indians and Asian peoples. All of these Halls were distinctly different from each other, although I enjoyed viewing all three, my favorite Hall was that of Asian Peoples. Of special interest was the Hall of Northwest Coast Indians, since I was able to witness and play in my head, a reel of the transformations it has gone through since the time of Franz Boas, as described
In Ruth Benedict’s “Ethics are Relative”, she argues that because morals and values change with time and across culture, there can be no solid judgment for any action to be consistently deemed “right” or “wrong”, since the same action will be viewed differently when considered from different points of view. Benedict’s primary assertion is that the ethics seen as good or bad by modern cultures are not better to those found in primitive cultures, but are the values we have developed over time. “Most
morals carry over to various cultures or if morals are unique to that culture is left up to debate between Ruth Benedict and James Rachels. Today I will try to show that James Rachels argument is logically stronger than Ruth Benedict's argument Ruth Benedict is an American anthropologist who views morality as dependent on the varying histories and environments of different cultures. Benedict argues that many cultures are completely opposite when it comes to specific areas of culture and lifestyle