Officially, a militia is part of the organized armed forces of a country that is called upon only in an emergency. There have been paramilitary groups with revolutionary ideas throughout America’s history, but today’s militia movement is a new more organized and violent presence (Meyers). Today the militia are unofficial citizens’ armies organized by private individuals, usually with antigovernment, far right agendas. They rationalize that the American people need armed force to help defend themselves
William Shoemaker To my Children's Children, September 18, 1800 I am writing this to you on the anniversary of my father's passing, out of a deep concern for your future. My desire is that, by reading this, you may avoid some of the pain that my generation has experienced. Many things have come and gone in my lifetime, for God has granted me a long 60 years. I wish to tell you all that I have experienced, before I too pass on, that
civilians. The AUC and other paramilitaries are responsible for the vast majority of the 70,000 civilians that are dead and the millions of forced displacements that have occurred since the beginning of the
Executive Summary Conditions in Colombia remain grave. A 50 year civil conflict between rebel groups (e.g., FARC, ELN, AUC) and the Colombian government continues to be problematic. This memo addresses the peace building and transitional justice attempts between thee rebel groups the Colombian government. It is important to consider the entire political environment, including all involved actors, in order to analyze the transitional justice attempts and recommend potential steps. In 2014, tensions
Northern Ireland is run to the republic and is the same as letting France have a say in how an English state like Kent is run. In may 1974 the Ulster workers council declared a general strike the strike was not supported very well until loyalist paramilitaries used intimidation to force most of the population in to the strike within two weeks Northern Ireland was brought to a holt. And the executive resigned on 27th may. Power–sharing had gone and direct rule was back. Which shows this government
Pam Withers, First Descent is the gripping story of a young man who sets out to conquer a Columbian river and prove his worth to a difficult grandfather, and finds himself, instead, in the middle of a brutal tit-for-tat war between guerillas and paramilitary soldiers in which the real victims are the indígenas, Columbia’s native people. He also discovers the truth behind his grandfather’s failed attempt at running the river decades earlier, and the secret Gramps never revealed in all the years that
In this literary analysis, the June, 1973 issue of New Breed magazine defines the tumultuous activism of Native American communities, such as the Metis Tribe, that sought to resist the tyranny of white oppression in the era of the Wounded Knee Incident at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. One poem in this issue provides an important insight into the internal and external political conflict and corruption at Pine Ridge, which is defined in “Hawk” Henry J. Foster’s poem “Wounded Knee”
prospective agents of the SOE. This includes the Preliminary school, Paramilitary school, finishing schools, and the “Drop
CIA’s image, both externally and internally. In-between, Immerman attempts to reconcile the antagonism between the CIA’s actions and its fundamental task. Stated otherwise, Immerman reveals a history of the “competition between covert, particularly paramilitary operations, and its core mission of collection and analysis.” Immerman, who currently serves as a Professor of History at Temple University, has held multiple positions within the intelligence network which has granted him access to privy material
Leadership Development in Law Enforcement Leadership in the field of law enforcement has been defined by many individuals, by the individuals, who work in the profession, by the individuals who are served by the profession, and by the individuals who monitor and scrutinize the profession. Leadership in law enforcement can at times provide leadership to subordinates, community members, and government officials and groups. A law enforcement leader must be able to call people to action, motivate, and
2013. “Irish Republican Army”. Retrieved May 2, 2014. (http://www.conservapedia.com/Irish_Republican_Army) Council on Foreign Relations. Oct. 2005. “Northern Ireland Loyalist Paramilitaries (U.K., extremists)”. Retrieved May 2, 2014. (http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations-and-networks/northern-ireland-loyalist-paramilitaries-uk-extremists/p9274#) Global Terrorism Database. December 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2014. (http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/)
particularly in economically deprived and highly segregated areas, are marked in the colour of the community they represent. In Belfast, murals are also a mode of expression for both communities, particularly those living on public housing estates. Paramilitary propaganda is a prevalent theme, combined with effigies of symbolic martyrs (i.e. Bobby Sands) that serve as reminders of the wrong done, whilst simultaneously focusing on the “triumphs” over the other. In the same vein, though not to the same
Northern Ireland & Peace Process The origins of the Northern Ireland peace process can be traced back to the agreement generally known as the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which was signed in 1985 between the British and Irish governments. According to this agreement, the United Kingdom accepted the condition that the constitutional status of Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom will not be changed without the approval of the majority of Irish citizens. It also recognized the fact that the Irish government
Dudley, described these people as martyrs or walking ghost. These walking ghosts were former or current members of mainly the Communist party, and the UP, but also of the FARC, and the M19, whom were targets of the government hired paramilitary groups. Having said this, it is evident that the cleansing of people was occurring, not necessarily based on ethnicity, as they all were ethnically identical, but cleansing based on political inclination. Innocent civilians whom were suspected
Independent cause. The Senator George Mitchell renewed faith, and his “Mitchell Principles” were accepted by Sinn Fein. The IRA, however, denied the principles, and this deviation from Sinn Fein started to show the formation of a split between paramilitaries and extremist political parties in Ireland. This was revolutionary, showing that the political opinion was becoming less radical, and paved the way to peace in later
difficulties. I think some are more important than others are. I think the most important factors are as follows. Religion is a problems because throughout history there have been rivalries between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. Paramilitaries are a problem because they have a huge amount of control. Difference of opinions between people is a problem because it has been difficult to keep everyone happy. Extremists, to justify their actions, often refer to history. Politics has been
specific consequences of the cocaine trade” (104). The paramilitary seen what kind of money cocaine was bringing in and decided to join the dark side and started using the profit from the drug to run their military forces. Villoria says that, “Over the last twenty-five years this widespread violence has ceased to be a rural phenomenon and has taken on many urban features. This is due to the fact that the war between drug barons, guerrilla, and paramilitary groups and the high levels of unemployment in the
A power-sharing devolved government would be formed with ministerial posts distributed according to party strength. The involvement of parties representing paramilitaries (primarily the Ulster Democratic Party, the Progressive Unionist Party and Sinn Fein) depended on the maintenance of cease-fires and 'decommissioning' of paramilitary weapons. A copy of the agreement was delivered to every household in Northern Ireland, and in May 1998 the accord was approved by referendum north and south;
Civil War in Ireland in 1914 Introduction The third home rule bill sparked Unionism to be born whose members opposed the bill, which in turn brought about Nationalism who sought to protect it. These two paramilitary groups brought Ireland to the brink of civil war by 1914. When Liberals won power in 1906 they tried to keep the Irish question in the background ensuring it stayed well down the political agenda. But in 1910 things changed and the election lead to the Irish nationals
In the mid 1970’s Australia’s police organisations in all states and territories adopted a paramilitary policing model, creating hierarchical structure to police members response to crime; however in the past 30 years, Victoria’s policing has since adopted a community-based model, aimed to focus on ‘service’ rather than ‘force’ (Bull & Stratta, 1995). Although police and public perception is to catch criminals, the job role has evolved, resulting in specialized units; for instance, the Victorian