In my essay I will tell you the various kinds of drinking and driving offences, the penalties, and the defences you can make if you are caught drinking and driving. Let me tell you about the different offences. There are six offences in drinking and driving. They are "driving while impaired", "Having care and control of a vehicle while impaired", "Driving while exceeding 80 m.g.", "Having care and control of a vehicle while exceeding 80 m.g.", "Refusing to give a breath sample", and "refusing to
There has been much discussion on the Offences against the person act (OAPA) 1861. Many see the act as outdated and clumsy, its wording unclear and as being difficult to explain and prosecute under. The OAPA is used in 100,000 prosecutions every year. The Law Commission has attacked the OAPA for creating constant legal argument and delay because of unclear wording and wasting thousands of pounds in taxpayer's money in appeals. Both the Law Commission and the Government have looked at possible
Offences Against the Person Act, 1861 and Its Reforms 'It has been suggested by the Law Commission and others that section 18, 20 and 47 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 should be repealed because they are unjust, ineffective, illogical and severely defective. In addition the offences, as they are defined, are incomprehensible to juries.' Explain and comment on these suggestions. In 1980 it was suggested by the Criminal Law revision Committee that the area of law concerning
of which include: provincial regulatory offences most criminal offences, traffic violations, family law, young offenders. Private disputes involving money can also be dealt with at this level in Small Claims courts. As well, all preliminary inquiries take place before the provincial courts. Some provinces and territories have domestic violence court programs. These programs provide services to victims. There are specific courts set up for certain offences. The object is to address the needs of non-violent
fewer women are convicted of crime than men – a fact which has changed little over the years. Female offenders also show a different pattern of offending being less involved in violent offences and proportionately more involved in theft. In general most now accept that girls and women do commit fewer offences than boys. GENDER AND PATTERNS OF CRIME Writing in 1977 Carol Smart stated: Our knowledge is still in its infancy. In comparison with the massive documentation on all aspects of
ethical principles and usually inscribed in a country's constitutional and legal framework. In Criminology the word punishment is used to denote compensation and the offenders have to suffer different punishments depending on the aggravating form of offences. Though right to life is ensured and protected by the way of giving punishment to the wrongdoers, the right to life is curtailed when someone's life is executed under death penalty. Origin of death penalty Death penalty as a form of punishment
corporal punishment. I do not agree that it is needed to bring discipline back into our schools. It is assumed that a child who has been caned would be less likely to commit another offence , but this was never proved and , in fact , one theory holds that severe corporal punishment increases the likelihood of future offences. There are better ways to discipline students than hitting them. Some parents may believe that spanking a child may be beneficial but apart from being potentially dangerous physically
Different countries have various roots of laws dealing with defamation and its consequences. In pre- Roman time’s crimes dealing with slanderous and libel offences were punishable by death by law of the Twelve Tables. In Roman jurisprudence the offences were dealt with in a ways similar to modern law. Statements made in public were considered an offence, yet those made in private were not. The truth was a sufficient defense. Many libel and slander laws descend from the English law of defamation. The first
come for Petra, David and Rosalind because they kill everybody who is unable to send thought-shapes. The Waknuk society is egocentric because they banish people who are different to the Fringes or destroy and kill crops and animals because they are offences. Another example that shows Waknuk is egocentric is that they believe they are the “true image” and all other societies are primitive and the work of the devil. Not only do these two societies show egocentricism, they are also ignorant. These
The purpose of the prison system was meant to be a deterrent to crime, as a preventative measure and to those who have already committed crimes, it is supposed to keep them from coming back. Obviously this did not work, today there are overcrowded jails and courts that look to any other way to punish a criminal besides jail time. The other options do not work either, they have not reduced the prison population nor have they created a sort of fear of being punished that a tougher system might do(Faugeron
Religion and the Igbo People The Igbo are a profoundly religious people who believe in a benevolent creator, usually known as Chukwu, who created the visible universe (uwa). Opposing this force for good is agbara, meaning spirit or supernatural being. In some situations people are referred to as agbara in describing an almost impossible feat performed by them. In a common phrase the igbo people will say Bekee wu agbara. This means the white man is spirit. This is usually in amazement at the scientific
efficient ways to correct their negative behaviour. The newest "brain-storm" that politicians have dwelled upon is sending young offenders that commit serious offences to boot camp. The first question that comes to mind is what is a boot camp? A boot camp is an alternative place to send youths between the ages of 12-17 who commit serious criminal offences. Boot camps have five basic goals: (1) incapacitation, (2) deterrence, (3) rehabilitation, (4) reduction of prison costs and crowding, and (5) punishment
when left to their own devices, they could very easily make the wrong decision when tempted. The U.S Department of Justice has reported that after-school hours can be the most dangerous ones for children. They say that 29 percent of all juvenile offences occur on school days between 2 and 8 p.m. They also have reported that in the hour immediately following school, the number of violent crimes committed almost doubles. (Ansell, 2004). This means that too many children are left to their own devices
Offences against the Administration of Justice Introduction After the I & II World War and pursuant to the precedent efforts for the execution of international justice in the shape of establishments such as the Nuremberg Tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) , there was a universal necessity to have a more comprehensive and transnational instrument for implementation of justice. In July 17th, 1998 the world
liable to some of these offences, as she was an accomplice in many circumstances. There are a few defences that may be available to Denise and including self-defence and duress by threats to absolve her criminal liability. 1. ROBBERY Firstly, I will address the issue of Denise’s criminal liability to robbery. Robbery is a “species of theft which is aggravated by assault” . For Denise’s actions to amount to robbery there needs to be evidence of theft and force. The offence of robbery is defined
Court. The Crown Court has a lot more sentencing power then the magistrates court so a downside to this choice is if they are found guilty they are likely to have a harsher punishment than a magistrates court would give. For a single criminal offence committed by an adult, a magistrates sentencing powers include the imposition of fines, community service orders, probation orders or a period of time in custody. Magistrates cannot normally order sentences which exceed 6 months (or 12 months
Commencement Proceedings are either commenced by arrest, charge and production to the court, either on bail or in custody, or by the laying of an information followed by the issue of a summons or a warrant. The information sets out details of the offence; where the defendant is charged by the police the charge sheet forms the information. If the defendant is held in custody he/she must appear before the magistrates' court as soon as practicable and in any event at the first sitting after being charged
that punishment reduces crime. His argument against incapacitation as a means of preventing crime is convincing. In reference to statistical facts he showed prison does not prevent crime, maybe to the outside world but in actuality crime if the same offence, rape, is higher in prison. I believe rather than just focusing on prison as a form of incapacitation in preventing crime what about the permanent incapacitative punishment other than the capital punishment? Would crime be prevented if we cut off
How Lay Magistrates are Chosen and Appointed Lay magistrates, justices of the peace, are part-time and unpaid members of the public, who are chosen to serve in the magistrates court. In order to become a lay magistrate a certain criteria is set. The lay magistrates are not legally qualified, they can be taxi drivers or teachers. They only need to fit certain criteria. The person must live within 15 miles of the area in which they want to serve. They must have lived within this area for
The Powers of Police Individuals have civil rights; people are entitled to be allowed to move freely and to have their person and their property respected. However the police must have sufficient powers to investigate crimes. Therefore Parliament has given the police special powers that can be used in certain circumstances. These powers include the rights to stop and search suspects, to arrest and interview people when necessary and to take fingerprints and samples (blood samples) for scientific