1. Introduction 1.1 Definition High speed machining (HSM) enables an increase in efficiency, accuracy, productivity and quality of work-pieces as well as a reduction in costs and completion time compared to conventional machining. [1, 2] HSM can trace back to early twenties of 20th century. However, the definitions of HSM are varied and complicated. The first definition is proposed by Carl Salomon in 1931. Salomon’s theory is that the chip-to-tool temperature will begin to decrease at a certain
account for introducing the techniques to an industry Below can be seen other factors that need to be considered. Each factor is the most important for its type of micro manufacturing process. Chemical-Machining and Photo-Chemical Machining Life cycle - The life cycle of a photo chemical machining tool is estimated to be around 450 cycles. For a large volume production it is often advisable to produce a negative master film, this also a positive film to be quickly produced by a contact method. It
objective is to achieve superior surface finish up to mirror-like finishing and very close dimensional precision. The finishing operations are assigned as the last operations in the single part production cycle usually after the conventional or abrasive machining operations, but also after net shape processes such as powder metallurgy, cold flashless forging, etc. The finishing processes discussed in this section include honing, lapping, superfinishing, polishing, and buffing. Honing is a finishing process
INTRODUCTION 1.1 ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) The phenomenon of erosion of metals by electric spark was first noticed by Joseph Priestily in 1878 but this was not used for machining of metals until 1930s. Controlled machining of metals by electric sparks was first done by Lazarenko in Russia in 1944 [2]. One of the most widely used Non-Conventional Machining process in industry is Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). Electric Discharge Machining is a non- traditional concept which is
Traditional and Non-Traditional Machining Processes The Traditional or “Conventional” Machining process utilizes forces that eliminate material in the form of chips (Conventional vs. Non-Conventional Machining). This is accomplished by spreading forces on the material being worked with a cutting tool that is firmer than the work material that is being machined (Conventional vs. Non-Conventional Machining). Some examples of traditional machining processes are as follows: casting, forming, sheet metal
1. Identify a product that has been manufactured using laser processing (Cutting, welding, etc.) and describe what laser process has been used in it (4) 2. How was this part manufactured before lasers were used (2)? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using lasers instead the previous process in the case of this particular item (4)? 4. Identify a company that manufactures this item or does the mentioned laser processing part. Briefly describe the operations of the company with
first ULTRA SONIC MACHINING (USM) built 1950 s. United States develop Ultrasonic machining and was used for machining materials that need tough machine. Types There two type of ultrasonic machining:- • Ultrasonic Machine (USM) • Rotary Ultrasonic Machine (RUM) Component and equipment The ultrasonic have 5 main different component and equipment And all of this system depend in other:- A- Power supply B- Transducer C-Tool holder D- Tools E- Abrasive USM system The ultrasonic machining use system that
developed in late 1940’s has been accepted worldwide as a standard process in manufacturing and is capable of machining geometrically complex or hard material components, that are precise and difficult-to-machine such as heat treated tool steels, composites, super alloys, ceramics, nitrated alloy, carbides, heat resistant steels etc. EDM has become an important and cost-effective method of machining extremely tough and brittle electrically conductive materials. It is widely used in the process of making
Due to me already being in the field of machining the career wouldn’t much change my lifestyle other than getting the education I need to advance up the ladder. In most cases only a high school diploma or equivalent is required to get a job in machine tool however in order to advance further than
The optimization of cutting parameters during machining is a difficult task as it involves a number of aspects such as knowledge of machining, empirical equations of tool life, cutting forces, power consumed, machining surface finish etc. All these aspects should be considered during machining optimization to develop an effective optimization criterion (Sonmez et el, 1999). Manufacturing industries have long depended
1. Chapter-1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction: - • A Hobbing is a machining process for gear cutting, cutting splines, and cutting sprockets on a hobbing machine, which is a special type of milling machine. The teeth or splines are progressively cut into the workpiece by a series of cuts made by a cutting tool called a hob. Compared to other gear forming processes it is relatively inexpensive but still quite accurate, thus it is used for a broad range of parts and quantities. • It is the most widely
Introduction The basic Operation of turning is also one of the most important machining process that can produce a wide variety of parts. It can be defined as the removal of metal from the outer diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. This Process requires a turning machine or lathe, work piece, fixture, and cutting tool. Turning operation is used to reduce the diameter of the work piece, based upon the specified dimension, and to produce a smooth surface finish on the metal
Stitch-Forming Mechanisms The stitch-forming mechanisms are the mechanical components; with perfect synchronization between the parts they form stitches. The various kinds of stitch-forming components are Thread control devices, which include tensions and take-ups; The needle, The feed dogs, Throat plate, tongues, and chaining devices The presser foot, The rotary sewing hook, Loopers & spreaders Bobbin and the bobbin case. Proper stitch formation is based on the suitable combination
Cargill, Nestle Purina, and Lockheed Martin each provide a large level of attention to the development of their organizations operations management process. Cargill Corn Milling focuses on the requirements of the key work processes segmented by customer value, profitability, and sustainability to improve processes (Cargill Corn Milling, 2008). This management process ensures alignment with expectations of key work process customers, supplier and partners. In addition, their Best Practice Model
4.6. Final Concept Summary Concept Two: This concept utilizes rollers in the milling process to crack open the grain. Though rollers are more expensive that the other milling methods, they provide a larger contact surface area which proves to be most effective and most efficient in this process. Heat exchangers and steam jackets were selected to heat the water for the mashing process. Heat exchangers provide a rapid source of heat with the use of steam as opposed to alternative heating methods
Machining is the most widespread metal shaping process in mechanical manufacturing industry. All over the world, machining operations such as turning, milling, boring, drilling and shaping consume large amount of money annually (Sharma et al., 2009). Material cutting also known as machining is one of the most used techniques for producing different components. In the machining processes a cutting tool removes material from a workpiece of a less resistant material. The removed material called chip
Electro discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional process used in industry for machining various intricate shapes. This process is known for machining hard and brittle conductive metallic materials as it can melt any electrically conductive material regardless of hardness at about 8000-12000 °C. History shows that, in 1770, an English scientist Joseph Priestley discovered that electrical discharge could erode metal. Then another 173 years later in 1943, two scientists Lazarenko and Lazarenko
Chapter 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Abrasive jet machining principle: Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) is the removal of material from a work piece by the application of a high speed stream of abrasive particles carried in gas medium from a nozzle. The AJM process is different from conventional sand blasting by the way that the abrasive is much finer and the process parameters and cutting action are both carefully regulated. The process is used chiefly to cut intricate shapes in hard and brittle materials
Norbert Adam Professor Attia MECT 1364 31 March 2014 CNC Pipe Threading and Coupling Machining Our energy needs have significantly changed since the first Industrial Revolution that took place in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. Before this time period, our energy needs were modest. For heat, people relied on the energy of the sun, but when it failed them, they burned wood, straw and dried dung. For transportation horses and the power of the wind was used in sails. For
will machine products using a CNC Mill and a CNC Lathe. It can be best described as the process from which a piece of raw material (metal) is cut into desired shapes and sizes by a computer controlled machine. This computer control describes CNC Machining and stands for “Computer Numeric Control”. This simply means that a computer will convert a design of a part to be produced from Computer-Aided Design software (CAD), into numbers (G-code). These numbers are then deemed as coordinates on a graph