to 30 percent (The Mayo Clinic, 2008). L. pneumophila belongs to the genus Legionella. This genus also causes Pontiac Fever, a milder illness resembling the flu. Infections by Legionella bacterium, separately or together, is sometimes called legionellosis. L. pneumophila is a ubiquitous organism which thrives in warm, moist places – including water pipes. It is thin, pleomorphic, flagellated and Gram-negative. It is the primary human pathogen of its genus. It does not have endospores or a capsule
In the year 1976, there was a disease epidemic, and no one knew the cause of it. On August 2, reports of legionnaires feeling ill were sent to the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Then, the press named the illness, Legionnaire's disease because many legionnaires who went to the American Legion convention caught the disease. To determine the characteristics and the cause of Legionnaire's disease, the problem was handed over to to epidemiologists and laboratory investigators. To figure out what
Legionella pneumophila GRAPH Introduction: Legionella pneumophila are gram-negative rods. They are very difficult to culture because of their complex nutrient requirements, such as cysteine, high concentrations of iron, and the use of activated charcoal agar. They survive as intracellular pathogens of either protozoa or human macrophages. They are most often found in stagnant water reservoirs like air conditioning cooling towers, whirlpool spas, humidifiers, faucets and shower heads, and are
Legionnaires disease, characterized as a form of pneumonia, is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Legionella. Legionnaires disease accumulated its name after it spread to more than 4,000 World War II Legionnaires, as well as their family and friends, which all gathered to participate in the 58th American Legion's convention in Philadelphia, about 600 of whom were staying at the hotel this convention was being held at. The day after the convention was being hosted, a great number of the
There are 5 main pathways of environmental transmission of pathogens. Those are air-borne, food-borne, water-borne, vector-borne and blood-borne. Air-borne transmission refers to any disease that is caused by a pathogen and transmitted through the air. These pathogens can be spread by coughing, sneezing, stirring dust, liquid spraying, or generally any activity that generate aerosol particles or droplets. These pathogens can include viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Some common examples of pathogens
Legionnaires Disease “Legionnaires’ disease is a bacterial infection caused primarily by the species Legionella pneumophila, it was initially recognized as the cause of a 1976 outbreak of respiratory disease outbreak in Philadelphia. Legionellosis infection occurs after persons have breathed mists that come from a water source. The most recent outbreak of Legionnaires’disease is in New York City, in the Bronx, with a total of ten deaths and more than one hundred outbreaks, which were traced to a
Why do people of Bangladesh suffer so much from flooding? The people of Bangladesh suffer so much from flooding because of the location of Bangladesh, population, monsoon climate, wealth of people/country, lack of emergency services, low amount of food and unclean water and loss of life and injures caused by diseases and flooding. The government have developed a Flood Action Plan, but this plan to reconstruct the whole country will definitely be very difficult because of the inundating amount of
748 million people in the world do not have access to safe water. This is roughly one in ten of the world's population. Every year, around 60 million children are born into homes without access to sanitation. People, especially those in water-starved parts of the world, have been searching for fresh water solutions for centuries. Even in modern times, entire populations struggle with a cruel irony; they are surrounded by salt water, but lack drinking water. (Science. howstuff works) Desalination
The environment is the topic of conversation at every level of nations, governments, institutions, and private homes. As the population and globalization grow it aides in the expansion of industries that causes pollutants of chemicals and particles in the air and the waters on the planet. The needs and demands for energy to support the growth of industries occurring around the world have provided opportunity for expansion of nuclear power plants and coal power plants. With every facility that opens