history as a secular westernized country looking to join the European Union; while others hearken back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and wish to make Turkey a divided Islamic state. Conflict between those who consider themselves Turks and the Kurdish separatist party, a militant rebel force, has long shaped the changing Turkish national Identity. Today, Turkey in many ways has had ?to depart from a strict observance of the guiding principals of [Turkey?s modern history] and the kind of self-perception
Analysis of Kurdish Geopolitics Past and Present Who are the Kurds? Most of us have heard about them but don’t know who they are. Are they a race, a religion, a country? As we see from the following example, even Europeans who are much closer to the Kurds still do not have a complete understanding of the Kurds or the middle east in general: In the West, the left and liberal minded people in general, especially in the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries, have usually supported or at least expressed
of the borders in the Middle East divided the Kurdish people between the four countries mentioned earlier. Many states in the world today are based on Max Weber’s definition of a state, “monopoly on the legitimate use of violence in a given territory”. Iraqi Kurdistan has some of the traits required to be a state per the definition, but it has not been accepted as one by the international community (Oslon 672). Thus, it can be argued that the Kurdish region did not gain international acceptance as
has long been the target of racism and Arabization policy which raised many problems to the people that hindered acquiring education in their mother tongue and “destroyed the basis for development of the Kurdish language or for any of its dialects.” (Michael Eppel 256) Therefore, the Kurdish language remained undeveloped and was on the verge of decay. The liberation of Kurdistan in 1991 and the whole Iraq in 2003 has opened up new horizons, influenced Kurdistan’s economy and the balance of power to
Kurds The Kurdish people are mainly made up of Sunni Muslim people. Most of the Kurdish people live in the area of Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Before World War I, the Kurdish life was very nomadic and revolved mostly of sheep and goats. During the early 20th century, The Kurds started to become nationalistic. The treaty of serves that was signed in the 1920, gave all of the Middle East countries there freedom. The Kurds were brutally treated by the Turkish government and people. The Kurdish have been
The borders of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey divide the Kurdish people, the biggest ethnic group without a nation state. This paper seeks to shed light on whom the Kurds are, the territory they claim being a part of their right, and more on the status of their struggle for nationhood, an independent Kurdistan with its main focus on Iraqi Kurdistan. It also establishes the relationship with the nation-states in which they (Kurds) live. The study also explores the challenges, and resolutions, of and
the fall of the Ottoman Empire, who was the sole controller of the region. Followed by The Treaty of Sevres in 1920, new borders were drawn by the 2 European countries for Iraq, Jordan, Turkey and Syria among other Levantine countries. However, the Kurdish population who resided among these geographical borders were not given any land for them, but divided within the new borders giving them harder time than before. As for the Palestinian case, both Zionist and Palestinian nationalism movements arose
the traits one would expect of a horrible infidel. Rather, one could say that, aside from religion, Saladin embodied many of the ideals held dear by the chivalric Christian warrior of the age. Saladin, or Salah al - Din, was born in 1138 into a Kurdish military family at Takrit in present - day Iraq. Saladin's origins were fodder for many Europeans chroniclers of the Crusades. The Latin Itinerarium regis Ricardi compiled in the 13th Century described Saladin as a pimp, the king of the brothels,
engulfed the country, which led to the oppression of many non-Turkish elements of society. Through this oppression we see attempts in the 1920’s and 1930’s at Kurdish autonomy with the eventual development of the PKK in 1978. With the first armed attack against Turkish soldiers in 1984 we see the issue gaining pace and becoming more severe. The Kurdish problem has claimed the lives of around 35,000 people, displaced even more, and has created economic and political problems not only domestically, but also
surrounded by culture that effects his or her life. Culture influence our beliefs, expectations, norms and how someone will think and act. Culture also affect every ones mental health in many different ways. Today we will discuss how culture impacted on Kurdish community mental health. Kurds are an ethnic group who was originated in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. Many Turks immigrated to the other parts of the world to get away from the violence in their native countries and to secure a safe future for their
Conflict between Kurds and Turkish Forces "I would not wish on anyone what I went through that day." This is what a Kurdish man said in a Turkish courtroom in October 2003. This was the common testimony among many Kurds that took the stand on a trail against Turkish forces. Hundreds of thousands of Kurds were displaced from their homes and then the villages were burned by the Turkish military. Finally in 2003 the Turkish government is
promised their own independent nation under the Treaty of Sevres. In 1923 however, the treaty was broken allowing Turkey to maintain its status and not allowing the Kurdish people to have a nation to call their own. The end of the Gulf war, Iran-Iraq war, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the end of the cold war has reinvigorated a Kurdish Nationalist movement. The movement is a powder keg ready to explode. With the majority of Kurds living within its boundaries, no country faces this threat more
holocaust.The Kurdish Genocide took the lives of almost 200,000 people by Saddam Hussein. The East Timor Genocide, when Indonesia invaded which resulted in 400,000 deaths. The Rwandan Genocide although was very short it killed about 1 million people of the Tutsi tribe. were all very saddening and horrific much like the holocaust but do you ever think where the people who decided to wipe out 100,000’s of people got the idea? Hitler brainwashed many people in WW2 but he also made the
A movie No one knows about Persian cats ask us this question? I would change the title somewhat to ask “no one who knows about Persian people”. No one knows about Persian cats takes us into the underground music scene in Iran. Many in the western world and especially in the United States may look dumbfounded when you talk about an underground music scene in Iran. I believe the director Bahman Ghobadi’s movie about the underground music scene not only exposes the repression of the existing Iranian
and that was because the central governments of Iraq did not give enough attention to this region like they did to Baghdad, Mosul and Basra. That is why; this region became less developed than the rest of Iraq. When the region became under the Kurdish authority they tried hard to develop and give special attention to the region and especially Erbil since it is the capital of the region. Only in a few years the KRG region developed dramatically, before Erbil used to have one public university (Salahaddin
within their “countries” by gassings in Halabja, and Turkey’s constant massacres; as recent as 2011, and the current complex war in Syria. The United States of America must establish a better communications policy with the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG),
possible reunification,”[11] however, for the time being, they function independently. The KDP is based in Iraqi Kurdistan and has no real influence on the masses in Iranian Kurdistan. Komala “Komala, meaning ‘society’ in Kurdish, was established in 1969 in Tehran as a Marxist Kurdish movement. Led by Abdullah Mohtadi, it was mainly inspired by Mao’s China and other socialist countries.”[12] From the beginning, it
in a given language (Aliakbari & Toni, 2008). Oyetade (1995) defines address terms as words or expressions used in interactive and face-to-face situations to designate the person being talked to. Address terms in different speech communities are worthy of study, address terms seem to be influenced by culture (Fitch, 1991; Morford, 1997). Zhang (2011) maintains that “Culture and language are closely linked. Language is the carrier of culture, culture is reflected through language. Language is the presentation
During September of last year, a picture taken by a Turkish journalist shocked the world. The subject of the photograph was a three year old boy named Alan Kurdi. The image showed him, dead, face down in the sand on a Mediterranean shore. In attempt to seek refuge from the Syrian civil war in another country, his parents paid over eight thousand U.S. dollars for four spaces on an inflatable boat after being denied entry into Canada. Kurdi, his brother, and his mother all died in the escape attempt
Introduction Pedagogical grammar is a rather new concept that has been applied by a number of language instructors to impart new language knowledge to students (Nordquist 2011, p. 1). The teaching methodology has its own structures in the sense that it is divided into two aspects: the first talks about the grammatical composition of language while the second talks about the articulation of language rules (of the new language). In comprehensively analyzing how the teaching methodology works, it is important