INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 BACKGROUND 1 2.1 FLIGHT PATH 1 2.2 NTSB INVESTIGATION 1 2.3 SEQUENCE OF BRAKEUP 2 3.0 SOURCES OF IGNITION 3 3.1 JET FUEL FLAMMABILITY 4 3.1.1 FUEL CHARACTERISTICS 4 3.1.2 FUEL FLAMMABILITY IN TWA 800 4 3.2 ELECTRICAL COMPONENT FAILURES 5 4.0 SOLUTIONS 6 4.1 NITROGEN INERTING 6 4.1.1 C-17 OBIGGS NITROGEN INERTING SYSTEM 6 4.2 SAFETY FOAM 7 4.3 JET FUEL ALTERNATIVE 7 4.4 VENTED AIR GAPS AND INSULATION 7 5.0 CONCLUSION 8 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 8 REFERENCES 9 APPENDIX A 10
alternative fuel for airplane, which is a serious argument; however, big question is that efforts to produce a more sustainable fuel to power aircraft are technically and ethically feasible. This paper going to investigate and show there is no alternative fuel to power aircraft in this time. The fuel using by airplane is fossil fuel, which is Jet A1 by burning this fuel there are impact on the global warming the researcher investigate what is the problem with fossil fuel (Jet A1). As solve the fuel problem
the topic of aviation fuel help me to become a more knowledgeable pilot, but it will also help me to understand more about chemistry and expand on the concepts we have learned this semester. Chemistry is extremely important to planes and pilots. One of the most obvious aspects of flying that deals directly with chemistry is fuel. Without fuel, aircraft would not be able to run. The molecular formula of fuel and the combustion of fuel are just some parts that play into how fuel makes an aircraft run
government has played very key roles in the funding of Airports. It has done this in two different ways. First, through the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) as well as discretionary grants which are funded by international departures, freight, aircraft fuel, as well as waybills. Secondly, the funding is done through the exemption of the airports from payment of federal tax upon interest income for individuals holding airport bonds. Similarly, funds are usually generated by the Passenger Facility Charge
John H. Johnson was born January 19, 1918 in rural Arkansas City, Arkansas. His parents were Leroy Johnson and Gertrude Jenkins Johnson. His father was killed in a sawmill accident when little John was eight years old. He attended the community's overcrowded, segregated elementary school. In the early 1930s, there was no public high school for African-Americans in Arkansas. His mother heard of better opportunities for African-Americans in Chicago and saved her meager earnings as a washerwoman and
first aircraft to use an auxiliary power unit or APU, which allowed the aircraft’s air conditioning system to be run without the need for an external supply. It was also considered to be one of the loudest commercial aircraft produced and was not very fuel efficient. Works Cited "Boeing: History -- Introduction - The Shared Heritage." The Boeing Company. Web. May 2011. . "Boeing 707." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. May 2011. . "Boeing 717." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web.
The Basics A jet engine can be divided into several distinct sections: intake, compressor, diffuser, combustion chamber, turbine, and exhaust. These sections are much like the different cycles in a four-stroke reciprocating engine: intake, compression, power and exhaust. In a four-stroke engine a fuel/air mixture is is brought into the engine (intake), compressed (compression), and finally ignited and pushed out the exhaust (power and exhaust). In it's most basic form, a jet engine works in
The SCRAMJET, simply abbreviated from Supersonic Combustion Ramjet, is the latest evolution of the jet engine family. NASA made the news with each test of the X-43A scramjet craft, so I set about to discover why this type of jet engine should garner so much scientific attention. Turbojet The most basic jet engine is the turbojet. As soon as the air enters the front of the engine, the blades of the compressor, compresses the air before funneling it into the combustion chamber. During the
Evolution of the Jet Engine Thought the course of time man has constantly sought to better both himself and mankind through creation and invention. From the first time a caveman rubbed two sticks together and discovered fire to the design and development of the Saturn 5 rocket which propelled by that same fire carried man from the earth to the moon. One can argue over whether on not this invention or that was the greatest. I intend to focus my attention on evolution of just one of those technologies
How many times a day do you hear a jet airplane roar over the top of your house, leaving a trail of dark, black smoke behind? People all around the world are complaining about the noise and contamination that jet aircraft produce as they fly over densely populated cities. Airplanes are flying around the clock consuming thousands and thousands of gallons of fuel a minute. So many jet engine manufactures have tried time and time again to reduce the noise and contamination that their engines produce
aviation purposes such as a jet engine/gas turbine. This part was picked because it is a crucial part in the field of aviation, and there are many different aspects and techniques that go into producing them. Turbine blades have to deal with extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure gas, high vibration, and high stress, which is why they are usually the limiting factor in a jet engine. Background The turbine is a part of a jet or gas engine. A jet engine consists of 4 main parts:
aircraft that use jet turbines instead of piston engines for the plain and simple fact of it being the environment they operate in. This may refer to the heights some aircraft fly at as well as the speeds they may cruise at to identify what would be the most appropriate propulsion mechanism to use for the given scenario. Nicolaus Otto, born in 1832, was a German inventor who is best known as the inventor of the first internal combustion engine in which it efficiently burnt fuel directly in a piston
The Physics of Airplane Flight There are several aspects involved in the dynamics of airplanes and what makes them fly. This report will address the wings of airplanes, lift, propellers, jet engines and steering and stability of an airplane. Essentially these are main topics of airplane flight. The wing of an airplane is an airfoil, very similar to that of a Frisbee. The wing of an airplane is shaped so that the air moves faster over the top part of the wing than on the bottom surface of
The Evolution of Jet Engines The jet engine is a complex propulsion device which draws in air by means of an intake, compresses it, heats it by means of an internal combustion engine, which when expelled it turns a turbine to produce thrust, resulting in a force sufficient enough to propell the aircraft in the opposite direction (Morgan 67). When the jet engine was thought of back in the 1920's the world never thought it would become a reality, but by 1941 the first successful jet flight was flown
exhaust to spin the prop rather, hence the term turboprop. A turbofan is what you will find on all private business jets and airliners. Instead of turning a prop, turbofan engines use the exhaust to turn a fan which helps produce more thrust by helping creating bypass air. Military planes such as the F-22 Raptor use the plain jet engine which produces thrust by in simple terms lighting jet fuel on fire and pushing it out the back. Whatever type of engine it may be, they are all important pieces of a plane
fic impulse(in seconds) is taken along y-axis.It shows the efficiency as a function of speed of different types of jets.It concludes that efficiency per unit distance(per Km/mile) is independent of speed for jet engines as a group. 10)Advantages Of Turbofan Engine: Turbofan engine is more fuel efficient. It is quieter due to greater mass flow and lower total exhaust speed. 11)Disadvantages Of Turbofan Engine: Turbofan engine gives rise to greater complexity due to additional ducting e.g. addition
changes and incredible inventions. If a person was to think about it, this century has taken us from horseback to fuel-injected horsepower, from gaslights to sodium-vapor streetlights, from crystal radios to digital television, from compasses to GPS navigation systems, from wood burning stoves to microwave ovens, from Victrolas to DVD players and of course from hot air balloons to jet propulsion aircraft. In the past 100 years, we have made much advancement in all areas of society. The way people
but used to power and drive the turbine. The advantages of turboprop engine are: It has the highest fuel efficiency compared to turbojet and turbofan engines It can run on short runways unlike the turbojets. Its propeller is made with reverse conf... ... middle of paper ... ...l http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/AP4ATCO_-_Turboprop_Engine http://akshaynagarmat.hubpages.com/hub/Turbo-Jet-Engines Images Comparison of types - http://www.daviddarling.info/images/turbojet_and_turboprop_engines
sites and moving finished goods to markets is one of the key factors in economic competition. The transportation industry is the largest industry in the world. It includes the manufacture and distribution of vehicles, the production and distribution of fuel, and the provision of transportation services. In the 1990s, approximately 11 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product and an estimated 10 percent of all jobs in the United States were related to the transportation industry. The same transportation
The Structure of an Airplane The idea of flight has fascinated people for centuries, even to this day, which is why I decided to research on airplanes. When I researched the history on planes, I was surprised at the effort and the time people long ago spent trying to make a machine that flies. I also wondered, like many, how an airplane is able to fly and sustain in the air. Wanting to know the answers to these types of questions I had, gave me the determination to really researched this topic